【作者】 塔娜；

【导师】 王建莉；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 “三言”,由明朝冯梦龙辑纂创作而成,是明朝中后期通俗小说的代表作,由三部短篇小说集组成,分别为:《喻世明言》《警世通言》和《醒世恒言》。“三言”保留了大量的谚语语料,具有很高的语言学研究价值。但是目前“三言”谚语的语言学研究成果较为零散,不成系统,且多为各种语汇混杂研究,未明确谚语筛选原则,未专门针对其谚语进行细致研究。因此,本文以此为切入点,对“三言”谚语进行全方位的梳理与研究。本篇论文分为六部分内容:第一部分是引言。首先,对冯梦龙生平及“三言”进行介绍,并明确论文所参考的“三言”版本;其次,对明代谚语以及“三言”谚语的研究现状进行总结,发现研究不足;最后,介绍本文的研究意义、方法。第二部分为“三言”谚语界定与概述。首先,参考温端政先生的观点界定谚语,并明确谚语筛选的四条规则;在此基础上,进行定量统计,“三言”谚语共计464条(重复条目计入其中),其中《喻世明言》共119条,《警世通言》共155条,《醒世恒言》共190条。此外,重复出现的条目有51条,有异文的谚语为49条,49条谚语共有异文60条。第三部分为“三言”谚语语义和分类。首先,参考武占坤先生、马国凡先生的观点,将谚语分为修身养德谚、人际交往谚、行事处世谚和明理辨物谚四类,列举对应谚语,并分析其传授的知识,承载的明代文化信息;其次,以同义谚语和反义谚语为切入点,探讨“三言”谚语的语义类聚情况;再次,对“三言”谚语的语义结构进行分析,考察其字面意义、实际意义、中心意义和衬托意义。第四部分是“三言”谚语结构类型,将“三言”谚语分为“单句结构谚语”“复句结构谚语”“紧缩复句结构谚语”,且分别进行探讨。首先,将“单句结构谚语”分为“动词谓语句”“形容词谓语句”“名词谓语句”和“主谓谓语句”进行研究;其次,分析“复句结构谚语”的组合情况和对称情况,组合情况分为语序法和关联法两类,对称情况分为形式对称和内容对称两类;最后,分析“紧缩复句结构谚语”的紧缩手法,分为“压缩语节,取消语音停顿”“套用固定格式”“意合法,摘取关键词”三种。第五部分为“三言”谚语句群研究。首先,解释“三言”谚语句群并分析谚语引语标记;其次,分析谚语句群的关系类别,分为“因果类句群”“并列类句群”“转折类句群”;最后,分析谚语句群的语用功能,如劝诫功能、引证功能等。第六部分为“三言”谚语来源与发展。一方面,对“三言”谚语来源进行全面梳理,按照时间顺序分为“上古”“中古”“近代”三个阶段,列出来源并统计分析来源于各阶段的谚语数量;另一方面,追寻谚语产生后的发展轨迹,表现为“语词替换”“繁简变化”和“语节顺序调整”三种形式。经过探讨研究,我们得出以下结论:谚语条目数量方面,“三言”具有明显优势;语义方面,内容丰富,形式灵活多样;内部结构方面,句式结构特点突出,以复句结构谚语为主,单句结构谚语和紧缩复句结构谚语比重较小,大量谚语前后两部分形式、内容呈现对称;外部结构方面,“三言”谚语与前后句子构成谚语句群,具有较为紧密的联系;历时演变方面,谚语来源时间跨度广,演变形式交错发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 "San Yan" is a representative work of popular novels in Ming Dynasty.It is compiled by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty,including three collections of short stories: Yushi Mingyan,Jingshi Tongyan and Xingshi Hengyan."San Yan" retains a large number of proverb corpus,which is of great linguistic research value.However,at present,the linguistic research results of "San Yan" Proverbs are relatively scattered and unsystematic,and most of them are mixed research of various vocabulary.There is no clear principle of proverb selection,and there is no detailed research on their proverbs.Therefore,this article takes this as the entry point,carries on the comprehensive combing to the "San Yan" proverbs.The article is divided into six parts: The first part is the introduction.First,it introduces Feng Menglong’s life and "San Yan",and defines the version of "San Yan" referred by the paper;secondly,it summarizes the research status of proverbs and "San Yan" Proverbs in Ming Dynasty,and finds the lack of research;Finally,the research significance and methods of this article are introduced.In the second part,the definition and overview of "San Yan" proverbs are introduced.First of all,referring to Wen Duanzheng’s point of view,we define proverbs and clarify the four rules of proverb selection.On this basis,we make a quantitative statistics of 464 "San Yan" Proverbs(repeated items are included),including 119 in Yushi Mingyan,155 in Jingshi Tongyan and 190 in Xingshi Hengyan.In addition,there are 51 repeated items,49 proverbs with different words,and 60 proverbs with different words.The third part is the semantic and classification of "San Yan" Proverbs.First of all,referring to the views of Wu Zhankun and Ma Guofan,proverbs are divided into four categories: self-cultivation proverbs,interpersonal proverbs,acting proverbs and rational proverbs.The corresponding proverbs are listed,and the knowledge they impart and the cultural information they carry in Ming Dynasty are analyzed.Secondly,This paper analyzes the semantic clustering of proverbs and divides proverbs into synonyms and antimeanings.Thirdly,proverbs are analyzed This paper analyzes the semantic structure of proverbs,and investigates the literal meaning and practical meaning,central meaning and foil meaning of proverbs.The fourth part is the structure types of "San Yan" Proverbs,which are divided into three types: single sentence pattern,complex sentence pattern and contraction pattern.Firstly,Single-sentence proverbs are divided into verb predicate,adjective predicate,noun predicate and subject predicate.Secondly,the combination and symmetry of the compound sentence proverbs are analyzed.The combinations fall into two categories: the order method and the relevance method,and the symmetry is divided into two categories: the form symmetry and the content symmetry.Finally,the combination of the compound sentence proverbs is analyzed,This paper analyzes the tightening methods of "tightening proverbs",which can be divided into three types: "compressing the stanza,canceling the phonetic pause","applying the fixed format","meaning legal,extracting the key words".The fifth part is about the research of "San Yan" proverb sentence group.Firstly,it explains the "San Yan" proverb sentence group and analyzes the quotation marks of proverbs;secondly,it analyzes the relationship categories of proverb sentence group,which are divided into "causal sentence group","coordinate sentence group" and "turning sentence group";finally,it analyzes the pragmatic functions of proverb sentence group,such as admonishment function and citation function.The sixth part is the origin and development of "San Yan" proverb.On the one hand,the source of "San Yan" proverbs is comprehensively sorted out,which can be divided into three stages of "ancient","middle ancient" and "modern" according to the time order,and the source is listed and the number of proverbs from each stage is statistically analyzed;on the other hand,the development track of proverbs is traced,which can be divided into three forms of "word replacement","change of complexity" and "adjustment of stanza order".After discussion and research,we come to the following conclusions: in terms of the number of proverb items,"San Yan" has obvious advantages;in terms of semantics,it is rich in content and flexible in forms;in terms of internal structure,it has prominent characteristics of sentence structure,with compound sentence proverbs as the main type,single sentence proverbs and compact proverbs as the small proportion,and a large number of proverbs are symmetrical in form and content In the aspect of structure,the proverb group is closely related to the front and back sentences;in the aspect of diachronic evolution,the proverb source has a wide time span,and the evolution forms are staggered.更多还原