【作者】 石诚；

【导师】 程筱胜； 杨伟锋；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 航天器舱段是航天航空中最常见的结构之一,对舱段装配变形进行数字化测量技术研究,能够用于装配质量评估和设计方案调整,而且顺应了航空航天产业高精度和数字化的发展方向。本文选用摄影测量的方法获取舱段表面信息,围绕测量目标点布设、测量点数据配准、装配变形评价分析等关键技术深入研究,设计开发出相关软件系统,并在装配现场完成相关测量。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)为了目标点布设更为合理,基于摄影测量方法,利用有限元分析模拟装配变形,并将仿真结果结合点云精简方法,提出一种自适应的稀疏测量目标点分布方法,使得目标点疏密有致,能够在使用较少测点的情况下,保证较好的测量效果;(2)为应对装配过程中的局部变形和位移,将不同装配阶段的测量数据配准,提出一种面向稀疏测点数据的特征匹配算法,能够将装配前后相对位置不发生改变的点对筛选出来,然后利用点对计算转换矩阵,将测量数据配准;(3)为评估装配变形,在充分利用对应点对信息的基础上,结合曲面重建方法,进行时序性的变形误差分析,并计算不同装配阶段的形状误差;(4)利用本文算法开发软件系统,并在舱段实际装配现场,利用软件辅助测量目标点布设、进行测量数据配准以及评价舱段装配误差,验证本文算法的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spacecraft cabin is one of the most common structures in aerospace.It conforms to the development direction of high precision and digitalization of the aerospace industry by researching digital measurement of the assembly deformation detection in the spacecraft cabin,which can be used for assembly quality assessment and design scheme adjustment.Therefore,digital photogrammetry method is used to obtain the cabin surface information.This thesis conduct in-depth research on several crucial issues such as layout of measurement target points,registration of measurement data and assembly deformation detection,etc.The main research contents of this thesis are as follows:(1)In order to arrange the target points more reasonably in the application of photogrammetry,the finite element analysis is used to simulate the assembly deformation,and the simulation results are combined with the point cloud reduction method to propose an adaptive sparse measurement target point distribution method to make the target points more reasonable,which can achieve good measurement results with fewer measurement points;(2)In order to register measurement data under the condition of local deformation and displacement in the assembly process,a new matching algorithm for sparse measurement point data has been proposed,which can keep the point pairs that do not change the relative position before and after assembly,and then use these point pairs to calculate the transformation matrix to align the measurement data;(3)In order to evaluate assembly deformation,deformation error analysis at different assembly stages is calculated with the full use of the corresponding point pair information,combined with the surface reconstruction method,and the shape errors are calculated based on the photogrammetry data;(4)By assisting in the placement of measurement target points,registering measurement data and evaluate the assembly error with a software system,which developed with the methods in this thesis,the feasibility of proposed methods is verified in the spacecraft cabin assembly site.更多还原