社区居家养老设施空间布局研究

【作者】 张燕；

【导师】 郝勇；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 社会保障， 2021， 硕士

【副题名】以上海市为例

【摘要】 政府及社会各界多年来一直致为于构建多层次、高质量的社区居家养老服务体系建设,虽取得一定成效,但仍面临建设中不足和问题,其中社区居家养老设施空间分布的不均衡问题值得关注。社区居家养老设施作为满足社区内老年人居家上门服务、助餐服务和托养服务等需求的重要设施载体,对社区居家养老服务的发展起着重要的支撑作用,因而社区居家养老设施资源空间配置合理与否是社区居家养老服务能否发挥作用的关键。本文旨在以公共设施区位理论为理论基础,选择老龄化严重的上海市作为研究区域,以上海市社区居家养老设施作为研究对象,分析上海市社区居家养老设施的设施数量、空间分布现状和社区居家养老设施服务供给水平,结合上海市老年人口特征、社会经济发展差异等区位影响因素以及上海市社区居家养老设施的空间分布实例,从区域整体性和设施分类两方面,提出完善上海市社区居家养老设施空间配置的建议。通过文献分析梳理上海市出台的相关社区居家养老设施政策,本文首先得出上海市对于不同类型社区居家养老设施的服务对象和服务内容,设施配建要求以及发展目标,为下文判断社区居家养老设施的布局是否满足区域规划和发展要求提供分析依据。其次,运用核密度分析方法,从区域整体性和分类型两方面分析上海市社区居家养老设施在设施数量和空间集聚的差异;运用服务覆盖率和空间可达性,分析不同类型社区居家养老设施的服务供给在上海市不同区县的差异;通过设施数量、空间集聚和服务供给得出上海市社区居家养老设施的空间分布现状。最后,结合上海市老年人口特征和社会经济发展差异等影响配置效率的区位因素,对实地调研后不同区域的社区居家养老设施进行实际设施空间布局和服务供分析;在上述理论和实际调研的基础之上,从设施布局原则的角度,就区域整体和设施不同类型两方面,提出促进上海市社区居家养老设施空间布局合理化的对策建议。在分析上海市社区居家养老设施的空间分布现状及完善空间布局的基础上,主要形成了以下研究结论:(1)从设施数量和空间集聚来看,上海市社区居家养老设施数量总体呈现以围绕上海市交通环线为特征的圈层模式,且不同类型的社区居家养老设施数量差异明显。整体社区居家养老设施在外环线内呈高度集聚、外环线外零散分布,除老年日间照护机构在外环线外有较大范围的低密度集聚外,其他社区居家养老设施空间集聚相似,差异不显著。(2)从服务供给来看,各类型社区居家养老设施在环线内均有较高的供给水平,覆盖范围略有差异,但各类型设施在外环线以外区域服务供给发展不均衡,其中社区养老服务站供给问题尤为突出。(3)基于上述分析结论,并结合区位影响因素分析,针对上海市不同区域提出区域间差异化的社区居家养老设施发展建议,包括:在中心城区加强对空余设施存量利用;在近郊区域注重设施存量和增量发展,以及形成设施联动;在远郊区域以设施的增量建设为主,同时引入大型养老机构。不同类型的社区居家养老设施在外环线内外进行差异化空间布局安排。更多还原

【Abstract】 For many years,the government and all sectors of the society have been striving to build a multi-level and high-quality community home care service system.Although some achievements have been made,there are still problems and deficiencies in the construction,among which the imbalance in the spatial distribution of community home care facilities deserves attention.Community home endowment facilities as to meet the elderly community home door-to-door service,room service and raise the demand of the important facilities such as service carrier,the development of community home endowment service plays an important role in supporting,so community endowment facilities resources occupy the space configuration is reasonable or not is the key to the community home endowment service can play a role.This paper based on the theory of public facility location theory,select serious aging of Shanghai as the study area,the community home endowment facilities in Shanghai as the research object,analysis of Shanghai community home endowment facilities spatial distribution,the present situation and the number of facilities community home endowment services supply level,combined with the feature of elderly population in Shanghai,the factors influencing the location of the difference of social and economic development,and the Shanghai community home endowment facilities spatial distribution as an example,from the regional integrity and facility type two aspects,put forward to perfect community endowment facilities occupy the space configuration of Shanghai’s advice.Combing through the analysis of the literature of Shanghai community home endowment facilities related policies,this paper first concludes that for different types of Shanghai community home endowment facilities service object and service content,facilities requirement and development target,to judge whether the layout of the community home endowment facilities below meets the demand of regional planning and development to provide analysis basis.Secondly,using the kernel density analysis method,the differences in the number and spatial agglomeration of residential care facilities in Shanghai were analyzed from the aspects of regional integrity and classification.Using service coverage rate and spatial accessibility,this paper analyzes the difference of service supply of home care facilities in different communities in different districts and counties of Shanghai.Based on the number of facilities,spatial agglomeration and service supply,the spatial distribution status of community home care facilities in Shanghai was obtained.Finally,combined with the characteristics of the elderly population in Shanghai and the differences in social and economic development and other regional factors that affect the allocation efficiency,the spatial layout and service supply of the community home care facilities in different regions were analyzed after the field survey.Based on the above theoretical and practical investigation,from the perspective of the principle of facility layout,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the rationalization of the spatial layout of community home care facilities in Shanghai from two aspects of the whole region and different types of facilities.On the analysis of the Shanghai municipal community home endowment facilities spatial distribution present situation and perfect,based on spatial layout,main formed the following conclusions:(1)from the facility,the quantity and the spatial agglomeration of Shanghai community home endowment facilities are characterized by surrounding traffic circle of Shanghai general sphere model,and different types of community endowment facilities occupy the number difference is obvious.Home care facilities in the whole community are highly concentrated within the outer ring line and scattered outside the outer ring line.Except day care institutions for the elderly have a large range of low-density agglomeration outside the outer ring line,the spatial agglomeration of home care facilities in other communities is similar,but the difference is not significant.(2)From the perspective of service supply,all types of community home-based nursing facilities have a higher supply level within the Ring Road,with slightly different coverage areas.However,the development of service supply of all types of facilities is unbalanced outside the Outer Ring Road,among which the supply problem of community nursing service stations is particularly prominent.(3)Based on the above analysis conclusions and combined with the analysis of location influencing factors,this paper puts forward differentiated regional development suggestions for community home care facilities in different regions of Shanghai,including:strengthening the utilization of spare facilities stock in the central urban area;Pay attention to the development of facilities stock and increment in the suburban area,and form the linkage of facilities;In the outer suburbs,the incremental construction of facilities is mainly carried out,and large old-age care institutions are also introduced.Different types of community home care facilities are arranged in different spatial arrangements inside and outside the outer ring road.更多还原