【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 于丽红； 孙军；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以沈阳市为例

【摘要】 “三农”问题是关系国民经济和农户生活的重要问题,其中农村金融的发展尚不充分,贷款难、贷款贵的现象依然存在,是农村金融改革尚存亟待解决的痛点和难点。从2004年开始,中央一号文件已经连续17年聚焦“三农”,讨论农村金融,2020年发布的中央一号文件强调了实现乡村振兴战略的重要性,同时强调务必要处理好资金从哪里来的问题,而农户作为农村金融市场建设的参与者,起着重要的作用,研究农户的借贷行为和借贷渠道可为农村金融市场的发展提供政策启示。结合我国农村金融市场呈现出正规金融借贷与非正规金融借贷并存的二元结构的现实状况来看,农户是在考虑自身资源禀赋的前提下选择效用最大化的借贷途径,故研究农户借贷行为中的借贷渠道选择行为有助于引导更多的金融资源契合农户的需求,进一步优化农村金融结构。本文选取有效问卷384份,主要研究内容是农户借贷渠道选择行为。首先,对于相关文献和学者观点进行总结,对农户贷款渠道选择情况进行统计分析,分析农户借贷渠道特征;其次,探索农户选择不同借贷渠道的影响因素,并以此进行实证分析。根据统计和实证分析,得出以下结论:从农户的借贷需求上看,农户普遍存在资金短缺的问题,有强烈的资金需求。关于借贷渠道的选择,农户一般会从正规金融机构和非正规金融两个渠道进行选择。农户在寻求正规金融机构的资金支持时,通常都表现为较大的借贷规模,其整体的贷款期限比较短,所获得的款项也主要用于生产性投资。农户如果选择非正规金融进行借贷,一般情况资金规模都较小,没有明确的贷款期限,且资金用途一般都是消费性支出。就影响农户选择贷款渠道的各个因素来说,性别、文化水平、耕种面积、是否参与农村经济组织、与银行之间的距离、距县城之间的距离、贷款难易度等对其正规金融渠道的选择影响显著。劳动力人数、耕种面积、家庭年收入、距银行距离、距县城距离、贷款难易度对农户非正规借贷影响显著。年龄、家庭人口数、是否参与农村经济组织对农户选择正规与非正规金融渠道产生显著影响。最后通过研究得出的结论,对于开拓农户的借贷渠道,本文提出了三点有针对性的政策建议:(1)继续发挥正规金融渠道的作用。建立多层次的金融服务体系,加强农村地区的资金供给;正规金融机构应创新金融产品,提升服务水平和效率。(2)加强非正规金融渠道的规范和引导。充分发挥非正规金融对正规金融的补充作用;对非正规金融予以有力的监管。(3)改善农村金融生态环境。加快农户信用体系建设;加强对农户的教育和金融知识的宣传。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Three rural issues" is an important issue related to the national economy and people’s life,Among them,the development of rural finance is not enough,the phenomenon of difficult and expensive loans still exists,which is the pain and difficulty of rural financial reform.Since 2004,No.1 central document has focused on agriculture,rural areas and farmers for 17 years,and discussed rural finance.The No.1 central document issued in 2020 stressed the importance of realizing the strategy of rural revitalization,and stressed the need to deal with the problem of where funds came from.Farmers,as participants in rural financial market construction,played an important role in studying the borrowing behavior and borrowing of farmers.Loan channels can provide policy enlightenment for the development of rural financial market.Considering the dual structure of formal and informal financial lending in China’s rural financial market,farmers choose the way to maximize the utility under the premise of considering their own resource endowment.Therefore,the research on the loan channel selection behavior of farmers will help to guide more financial resources to meet the needs of farmers and further optimize agriculture Village financial structure.In this paper,384 valid questionnaires are selected,and the main research content is the farmers’ loan channel choice behavior.First of all,the paper summarizes the relevant literature and scholars’ views,carries out statistical analysis on the selection of farmers’ loan channels,and analyzes the characteristics of farmers’ loan channels;secondly,it explores the influencing factors of farmers’ choice of different lending channels,and carries out empirical analysis based on this.According to the statistical and empirical analysis,the following conclusions are drawn: from the perspective of farmers’ loan demand,there is a widespread shortage of funds and a strong demand for funds.On the choice of lending channels,farmers generally choose from formal financial institutions and informal financial channels.When farmers seek financial support from formal financial institutions,they usually show a large scale of loans.Their overall loan term is relatively short,and the money they get is mainly used for productive investment.If farmers choose informal finance to borrow,generally,the scale of funds is small,there is no clear loan term,and the purpose of funds is generally consumer spending.As for the factors that affect farmers’ choice of loan channels,gender,cultural level,farming area,whether to participate in rural economic organizations,the distance from banks,the distance from counties,and the difficulty of loans have significant impact on their choice of formal financial channels.The number of labor force,farming area,family annual income,distance from the bank,distance from the county,loan difficulty have significant impact on informal lending.The number of rural households,the number of informal financial channels and the choice of rural households have significant impact oninformal economy.Finally,through the conclusion of the study,this paper puts forward three targeted policy recommendations for the development of farmers’ lending channels:(1)continue to play the role of formal financial channels.We should establish a multi-level financial service system to strengthen the capital supply in rural areas,and the formal financial institutions should innovate financial products and improve the service level and efficiency.(2)We should strengthen the regulation and guidance of informal financial channels.We should give full play to the complementary role of informal finance to formal finance,and strengthen the supervision of informal finance.(3)Improve the ecological environment of rural finance.We should speed up the construction of farmers’ credit system,strengthen the education of farmers and the publicity of financial knowledge.更多还原