【作者】 陈强；

【导师】 顾黔；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 东乡隶属江西东部抚州市,其方言是赣方言抚广片的代表。本文考察东乡方言的被动标记词“被”“得”“驮”“是”的句法语义特征,分析该地区有标被动句特点,从类型学的角度探讨东乡方言与周边方言的接触情况,为方言语法的研究提供参考。论文分为四章。第一章绪论描写江西东乡历史地理概况及其方言特征,归纳东乡方言语音系统。综述前贤研究,指出目前东乡方言研究成果主要集中于语音研究,词汇和语法研究较少,尤其是被动句研究。有标被动句是东乡方言的重要句式,通过了解东乡这一地区的赣方言被动句,探索该地区赣方言的演变趋势,并与其他方言区被动句研究相互促进。第二章东乡方言被动标记词特点。考察东乡方言被动标记词“被”“驮”“得”“是”的基本用法及语法特征,发现这四种被动标记词可相互替代,但也存在差异,差异主要体现在句式构造、地理分布、使用频率等。例如“被”“驮”可构造被动句式为NP1_受事+M+NP2_施事+VP+Aux/Mood;M+NP2_施事+VP+Aux/Mood;NP1受事+M+VP+Aux/Mood;NP1受事+M+NP2施事+VP+Aux/Mood+NP3,但被动标记“是”不能出现在第三种句式中。本章还从历时角度,分析四种被动标记词的语法化来源和路径,指出“驮”的语法化路径为“背负义→遭受义→被动义”,“得”的语法化路径为“获得义→被动义”,“是”的语法化路径为“判断义→肯定义→强调义→被动义”,而“被”源于“遭受义”。第三章东乡方言有标被动句构成成分特征。考察东乡方言有标被动句的构成成分NP1、NP2、NP3以及核心谓语成分VP的句法语义,归纳有标被动句整体句式义。指出NP1作为受事论元由体词或体词性短语构成,多为有生命特征的事物,谓词性成分也可充当NP1。NP2和NP3与NP1的句法语义特征相似,但作为施事的NP2不能由谓词性成分充当,NP3一般是NP1的领属性事物。VP既可由单个的光杆动词充当,也可与附加成分组合而成,VP结构可分为动补、动宾和连谓等。第四章东乡方言与周边方言有标被动句对比。分析东乡方言与周边方言有标被动句的异同,指出东乡方言的被动标记与“客家话”“湘语”“吴语”“闽语”均存在5个共同特征,如施事论元NP2一般不隐现;VP都可与助词“着”“了”“过”连用;VP一般为单音节动词等。根据方言间有标被动句对比所得特征共性与差异,指出东乡方言与周边方言在类型上的相似程度为:湘语>闽语>客家话>吴语。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dongxiang belongs to Fuzhou City,which lies in the east of Jiangxi,and its dialect is the representative of the Fuguang branch of the Gan dialect.This article mainly discusses the syntactic and semantic features of the passive markers “是 shi”,“得 de”,“驮 tuo” and “被 bei” in Dongxiang dialect,examines the characteristics of marked passive sentences in this area,and explains the contact between Dongxiang dialect and surrounding dialects from the perspective of typology,so as to provides a reference for the study of dialect grammar.The thesis is divided into four chapters.The introduction explains the historical development and geography of Dongxiang,describes the basic situation of Dongxiang dialect and previous studies.There are many achievements in phonetic research and the research on vocabulary and grammar is relatively weak,especially the syntactic research on passive sentences.Marked passive sentence is an important sentence pattern of Dongxiang dialect.By understanding the passive sentence of Gan dialect in Dongxiang,the evolution trend of Gan dialect in this area is explored,so as the mutual promotion of passive sentence research in other dialect areas.The second chapter introduces the basic usages and grammatical sources of the four passive marks of the Dongxiang dialect.It is found that these four passive markers can replace each other,but there are also differences.The differences are mainly reflected in sentence structure,geographical distribution,and frequency of use.For example,“被 bei” and “驮 tuo” can construct a passive sentence as NP1 agent + M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood;M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood;NP1 agent + M + VP + Aux / Mood;NP1 agent + M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood + NP3,but the passive mark “是 shi” can not appear in the third sentence.This chapter also analyzes the grammaticalization sources and paths of the four passive marker words from a diachronic point of view,pointing out that the grammaticalization path of “驮tuo” is “bearing meaning→suffering meaning→passive meaning”,and the grammaticalization path of “得 de” is “acquiring meaning" → passive meaning”,the grammatical path of “是 shi” is “ judgment meaning → willing definition → emphasis meaning → passive meaning”,and “被 bei” originates from “suffering meaning”.The third chapter Dongxiang dialect discusses the characteristics of the constituent elements of marked passive sentences.Investigate the syntactic semantics of the NP1,NP2,NP3 and core predicate components VP of the Dongxiang dialect marked passive sentences,and summarize the overall sentence meaning of the marked passive sentences.It is pointed out that NP1,as an argument of the subject,is composed of body words or body-sentence phrases,which are mostly things with vital characteristics,and the predicate component can also serve as NP1.NP2 and NP3 have similar syntactic and semantic features as NP1,but NP2 as an agent cannot be played by predicate components.NP3 is generally the leading attribute of NP1.VP can be used as a single polished verb,or it can be combined with additional components.The VP structure can be divided into verb-complement,verb-object,etc.The fourth chapter compares the marked passive sentences of Dongxiang dialect with surrounding dialects.Analyze the similarities and differences among them,and point out that Dongxiang dialect’s passive mark and“客家Hakka”“吴Wu”,“湘Xiang”,“闽Min”dialects have five common features,such as the acting argument NP2 is generally not hidden;VP can be used in conjunction with the auxiliary words“着zhe”“了le”and“过guo”;VP is generally a single-syllable verb,etc.According to the similarities and differences in the characteristics of the comparison of marked passive sentences between dialects,it is pointed out that the similarity between Dongxiang dialect and the surrounding dialects is:Xiang>Min>Hakka>Wu.更多还原