【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 张波； 何继刚；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 运算能力作为数学十大核心概念之一,是初中生必备的数学能力,也是数学学习的基础,初中生的数学运算水平不仅影响着数学成绩,也对其他学科的发展产生一定的影响,甚至对以后高中大学专业的发展有一定的影响,数学运算能力的重要性决定着它的受重视程度,然而随着时代的发展和科技的进步,计算机等高科技电子产品的广泛运用导致现代初中生的运算能力愈发下降。随着课程改革的不断推进与深化以及数学核心概念的提出,针对初中生数学运算的现状,数学运算的课堂也应该有所改变,要让学生自我构建,经历课堂,在进行有意义学习的过程中不断提升初中生的运算能力。在这样的运算背景之下,论文对大量文献进行归整,以整式的乘除与因式分解为内容设计合理可行的测试问卷,选取八年级学生进行调查,对数据进行统计,对结果进行分析,并借助访谈法对学生和教师进行数学运算方面的交流,进一步了解初中生数学运算的现状,分析学生运算出错的原因,从客观因素和主观认知、智力因素和非智力因素、内部因素和外部因素三个角度提炼初中生数学运算出错的原因。在此基础上,以课程改革和综合素质的培养为理论,以构建经历教育的课堂为目标,以改革的眼光和发展的思维去探索提升初中生运算能力的方法与策略,得出数学运算的课堂要通过各种教学智慧和策略的设计如组内竞赛制度等来激发学生的运算兴趣,用规范的课堂教学在潜移默化中改善学生的运算习惯,通过扎实的基础概念的研究完善运算结构以及例题讲解的多解性和对比来拓宽运算思维从而提升学生的运算能力以及通过借助适当的课堂评价机制来帮助学生提高自我纠错能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Operation ability regarded as one of the ten core concepts of mathematics is the necessary ability of junior high school students and the basis of math learning.The math level of junior high school students not only affects the math scores,but also has a certain impact on the development of other subjects,and even has a certain impact on the development of high school and university majors in the future.The importance of mathematical operation ability determines the degree of its attention.However,with the development of The Times and the progress of science and technology,the wide use of computers and other high-tech electronic products has led to the decline of the computing ability of modern junior high school students.With the continuous advancement and deepening of curriculum reform and the proposal of math core concept,aiming at the current situation of math operation of junior high school students,the class of math operation should also be changed,so that students should build themselves,experience the class,and constantly improve the ability in the process of meaningful learning.Under the background of this operation,the paper summarizes a large number of documents.The paper selects eighth-grade students to investigate with the integral expression of battles and factoring as feasible test questionnaire content design.After that,the paper organizes and analyses the data and with the help of the interview method of students and teachers to carry out mathematical operation communication,further understand the current situation of junior high school students’ mathematical operation,analysis of the reasons for students’ mistakes.The paper refines the reasons for junior high school students’ mathematical operation mistakes from the objective factors and subjective cognition,intelligence factors and non-intelligence factors,internal factors and external factors.On this basis,on the theory of curriculum reform and the cultivation of the core accomplishment,experience to construct education class as the goal,with the reform and development of thinking to explore the methods and strategies of ascension junior middle school students operation ability,it is concluded that mathematical classroom needs a variety of teaching wisdom and strategies such as competition system in the group to inspire students’ interest in operation,with the specification of classroom teaching to improve the students’operation in imperceptible habits,improve the operation through the study of the basic concept of the solid structure and comparison of examples to explain and to broaden the operation thinking to promote students’ operation ability and use appropriate classroom evaluation mechanism to help students improve the self-correcting.更多还原