【作者】 黄伟；

【导师】 方辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 考古学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着各地城市建设的加快,破坏国有不可移动文物的违法行为层出不穷。但与此同时,文物行政执法疲软,其他社会主体长期被边缘化,国有不可移动文物保护状况不容乐观。传统的诉讼模式下,唯有直接利害关系人才有资格提起行政或民事诉讼。而国有文物属于公共物品,其权利主体具有不特定性,不存在普遍意义上的直接利害关系人,司法实践中的无利害关系人无法通过诉讼手段惩治违法者来实现保护国有文物的目的。公益诉讼以保护公共利益为目的,起诉主体可以和侵害后果不存在利害关系。破坏国有不可移动文物的行为自然有损公共利益,因此可以将国有不可移动文物的保护纳入公益诉讼的范围,以对文物行政执法进行补充。当前学术界对文物公益诉讼制度的探讨尚处于起步阶段,本文通过分析建立国有不可移动文物公益诉讼制度的可行性,梳理我国国有不可移动文物公益诉讼的立法、司法现状,并总结问题,在充分参考前人研究成果并有选择性地对比、借鉴环境保护公益诉讼理论与实践经验的基础上,从主体资格、诉讼程序、保障机制、配套措施四个方面,就我国国有不可移动文物公益诉讼制度的具体设计表达了个人的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the acceleration of urban construction in various places,illegal acts of destroying state-owned immovable cultural relics have emerged one after another.But at the same time,the administrative law enforcement of cultural relics is weak,and other social entities have been marginalized for a long time.The protection of state-owned immovable cultural relics is not optimistic.Under the traditional litigation model,only persons with direct interests are qualified to initiate administrative or civil litigation.State-owned cultural relics are public goods,and the subject of their rights is unspecific,and there is no direct stakeholder in the general sense.In judicial practice,non-interested parties cannot punish offenders through litigation.The purpose of public interest litigation is to protect the public interest,and the subject of the lawsuit may have no interest in the consequences of the infringement.Destroying state-owned immovable cultural relics will harm the public interest,so the protection of state-owned immovable cultural relics can be included in the scope of public interest litigation to supplement the administrative law enforcement of cultural relics.The current academic research on the public interest litigation system for cultural relics is still in its infancy.This article analyzes the feasibility of establishing a public interest litigation system of state-owned immovable cultural relics,sorts out the legislative and judicial status of the public interest litigation for state-owned immovable cultural relics,and summarizes the problems.Based on predecessor research results and the theory and practical experience of environmental protection public interest litigation,from the four aspects of subject qualifications,litigation procedures,guarantee mechanisms,and supporting measures,suggestions are made on the design of my country’s public interest litigation system of state-owned immovable cultural relics.更多还原