【作者】 赵莹；

【导师】 艾海新；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 生物卫生统计学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)是普遍存在的环境污染物,主要来自人为活动。目前,中国渤海海域(渤海湾、辽东湾、莱州湾、中部海域)接受的多环芳烃有多种来源,例如溢油和废水,这是对海洋生态系统功能的潜在威胁。本文以渤海海域水体中的8种多环芳烃为研究对象,分别是:萘(Nap);苊(Ace),芴(Flu),菲(Phe),蒽(Ant);芘(Pyr),(?)(Chr);苯并[a]芘(BaP)。分别构建物种敏感性分布(Species Sensitivity Distribution,SSD)和逸度食物网模型来评价渤海海域的生态风险。研究结果表明:首先,通过构建物种敏感性分布推导出的预测无效应浓度值大小可以按下列顺序排序:萘>苊>菲>(?)>芴>蒽>苯并[a]芘>芘。预测无效应浓度通过不同文献中多环芳烃进行推导时差异很大。经计算得出多环芳烃的风险商范围为0～1.7213,不同区域的风险水平差异较大,渤海湾风险水平最高,莱州湾和中部海域处于低风险水平。多环芳烃在四个渤海海域中引起的生态风险按以下顺序排序:渤海湾>辽东湾>莱州湾>中部海域。从不同分类群来看,无脊椎动物生态风险最高的多环芳烃是芴和芘,脊椎动物生态风险最高的多环芳烃是菲,藻类生态风险最高的多环芳烃是蒽。其次,应用逸度食物网模型预测渤海海域的多环芳烃在食物网中各个功能群生物体内的浓度,并对各个功能群进行生态风险分析,渤海海域食物网中多环芳烃的浓度较低,风险商范围为0～0.10859,表明对整个功能群没有高生态风险。通过结果分析,8种多环芳烃对渤海海域生物威胁不大,但仍需要持续关注污染动态,并及时采取必要的环保措施来削减风险。综上所述,本文具有以下创新性的工作:本研究基于更为全面的5种物种敏感性分布模型和逸度食物网模型预测渤海海域水生生物的多环芳烃浓度,开展其水生食物网的初步生态风险评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental pollutants,mainly from human activities.At present,PAHs accepted in China’s Bohai Sea(Bohai Bay,Liaodong Bay,Laizhou Bay,and Central Sea Area)come from many sources,such as oil spills and wastewater,which are potential threats to the function of marine ecosystems.This article takes 8 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the waters of the Bohai Sea as the research objects,namely: naphthalene(Nap);acenaphthene(Ace),fluorene(Flu),phenanthrene(Phe),anthracene(Ant);pyrene(Pyr),Chrysene(Chr);benzo[a] pyrene(Ba P).The species sensitivity distribution and fugacity food web models were constructed to evaluate the ecological risks in the Bohai Sea.The research results show that: First,the predicted no-effect concentration values derived by constructing the species sensitivity distribution can be sorted in the following order: Nap>Ace>Phe>Chr>Flu>Ant>Ba P>Pyr.The predicted non-effect concentration differs greatly when it is derived from PAHs in different literatures.It is calculated that the risk quotient of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranges from0 to 1.7213.The risk levels of different regions are quite different.The Bohai Bay has the highest level of risk,and the Laizhou Bay and the Central Sea Area are at a low risk level.The ecological risks caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the four Bohai Sea areas are ranked in the following order: Bohai Bay>Liaodong Bay>Laizhou Bay>Central Sea Area.From the perspective of different taxa,the PAHs with the highest ecological risk in invertebrates are fluorene and pyrene,the PAHs with the highest ecological risk in vertebrates are phenanthrene,and the PAHs with the highest ecological risk in algae are anthracene.Secondly,the fugacity food web model is used to predict the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in each functional group in the food web of the Bohai Sea,and the ecological risk analysis of each functional group is carried out.The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the food web of the Bohai Sea is relatively low.The risk quotient ranges from 0 to 0.10859,indicating that there is no high ecological risk to the entire functional group.Through the analysis of the results,the 8 types of PAHs pose little threat to the organisms in the Bohai Sea,but it is still necessary to continue to pay attention to the pollution dynamics and take necessary environmental protection measures in time to reduce risks.In summary,this article has the following innovative work: This study is based on a more comprehensive five-species sensitivity distribution model and a fugacity food web model to predict the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic organisms in the Bohai Sea,and develop its aquatic food web Preliminary ecological risk assessment.更多还原