【作者】 李静；

【导师】 刘旭；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 历史学 中国史， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选取1898-1945年俄日殖民占领时期的大连城市建筑为研究对象,以历史学、历史地理学、建筑学为理论研究基础,从近代大连城市发展进程入手,探讨俄日殖民者将俄日及西方建筑文化通过殖民手段移植到大连,对比两个不同时期城市建筑特点,得出大连城市建筑是结合大连自然地理环境进行建设,最终形成大连独特的枕山襟海、“和洋”共存的城市建筑风貌。本研究可进一步充实大连城市研究成果。通过梳理历史文献发现俄日殖民时期的建筑作为俄日殖民的物质载体,深刻影响着近代大连城市文化的发展。现代大连城市文化发展离不开与之最为临近的近代城市文化,本文尝试探讨基于近代大连城市建筑特色构筑大连城市地域文化特色的可行路径。通过本研究得出结论,俄日殖民统治时期的大连城市建筑具有特殊性。其一,俄、日不同殖民时期建筑特点不同。沙俄殖民时期,承担建设活动的机构主要以殖民者当局设立的为主,建筑师也多调任沙俄官方职员。在建筑设计上,融合俄罗斯与欧洲建筑文化,按照城市分区规划,出于防火美观的考虑,选取砖石材料,呈现出具有浪漫主义情怀的欧式建筑风格。日本占领时期,不仅有殖民当局设立的建筑管理机构,以南满洲铁道株式会社、满洲建筑协会和建筑事务所为主的民间建筑团体也成为城市建设者。随着城市发展,不仅建筑师逐渐规模化,建筑规则也日益完善。建筑设计上,日本秉持和式传统,引进欧洲建筑文化,打造出“和洋”风格的建筑。虽然俄、日殖民时期建筑特点不同,但在实施过程中都做到了建筑与大连自然地理环境的和谐。其二,建筑作为俄日殖民的物质载体,不仅承载着俄日殖民者对俄日国家的依恋情怀,俄、日文化和西方文化也渗透到近代大连城市社会生活中,使大连成为一个建筑与自然地理环境和谐的西方化城市。其三,大连正在申报国家历史文化名城,俄日殖民统治时期的大连城市建筑作为大连城市遗迹的重要组成部分,仍然发挥着历史、文化、教育价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper selects the architecture of Dalian in the period of Russia and Japanese colonial from 1898 to 1945 as the research object,takes history,historical geography and architecture as the theoretical basis,started with the development process of Dalian,this paper discusses that the Russian and Japanese colonists transplanted their and western architectural culture to Dalian by means of colonization,and combined with the natural environment of Dalian into the unique urban architectural style of Dalian,which is based on the sea and hill,with the coexistence of western and Japanese architectural style.This study can further enrich the research achievement of Dalian city.It is found by combing the historical documents that the architecture in Russia and Japanese colonial days has become a material carrier of Russo-Japanese colonial,which has influenced the development of culture in modern Dalian city.Now,the urban culture development of Dalian cannot be separated from the adjacent modern urban culture,based on the urban planning and cultural construction of Dalian,this paper tries to discuss the way that construct the characteristic of regional history and cultural in Dalian with the modern urban architecture of Dalian.It is concluded from the research that the urban architecture of Dalian in the period of Russia and Japanese colonial has its particularity.First,the architectural characteristics of Russia and Japan in different colonial periods are different.During the colonial period of Russia,the construction organizations were mainly established by the colonial authorities,and architects were often transferred to the Russian official staff.In architectural design,fused the Russian and European architectural culture,according to the urban zoning planning,in order to fire prevention and be artistic,the Russia selected brick and stone as the materials,presented a romantic European architectural style.During the Japanese colonial period,there were not only building management agencies set up by the colonial authorities,but also civil construction organizations,for instance,South Manchuria Railways Co.,Manchuria Construction Association,architectural firm,become city builders.With the development of the city,not only the architects gradually scale up,but the building rules are increasingly prefect.In terms of architectural design,Japan adhered to the Japanese tradition,introduced the European architectural culture,and creates the architecture style that combined western and Japanese culture.Secondly,as the material carrier of the Russian and Japanese colonization,architecture not only bears the attachment of the Russian and Japanese colonists to the Russian and Japanese countries,but also the Russian,Japanese and European culture has permeated the social life of modern Dalian,which made Dalian become a westernized city with harmonious architecture and nature geographical environment.Thirdly,Dalian is applying for the National Historical and Cultural City,as an important part of Dalian’s urban relics,the city architecture during the period of Russian and Japanese colonial is still playing its historical,cultural and educational values.更多还原