【作者】 杨阳；

【导师】 尹可丽；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 应用心理硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】六祖惠能的心理传记学研究

【摘要】 六祖惠能(638-713)是中国禅宗的实际创始人,也是中国历史上最具影响力的思想家之一。凝聚了他思想精华的《坛经》是中国本土唯一被称为“经”的佛教著作。人们普遍把他与老子、孔子一起并列称为“东方三圣人”。当前学术界关于惠能的研究成果十分丰富。其中,有学者注意到六祖及禅宗思想中的内在超越性特点极具洞察力。但这些研究止于其内在超越性的历史源出、哲学概念梳理或其外在表现层面。本研究以心理传记学的径路出发,通过分析六祖相关的史学资料、研究资料等,对六祖的生命故事进行研究,目的是揭示六祖形成其禅学思想中的内在超越性的动态心理过程,为深刻理解六祖其人其思想另辟一个可能性。心理传记学是系统地使用心理学的理论或概念对个别人物的生命故事进行研究的方法或学问。本研究根据惠能的相关资料中的“凸显性事件”特点选择心理学理论,对六祖惠能“作佛”、“开悟”、“解脱”三个重要悬疑性问题进行深层次分析,意在回答“成佛”是否真的能够解脱这样一个核心问题。首先,六祖为何“作佛”?本研究依次从社会文化、家庭“教育”、个人内在动力方面分析了六祖惠能“作佛”的心理动力结构。结果表明,惠能因为失去父亲,母亲成为唯一的依恋对象,使得他在安全感的重建需要以及“恋母情结”的特殊“境遇”中与母亲之间建立了持久而强烈的依恋关系。惠能在社会文化的浸染、对自己名字寓意的内化以及追求母亲认可的过程中产生了深深的自信感,并在自信、名字寓意的内化、追求母亲认可、慈悲等多重心理动力的作用下形成了持久而强烈对“佛”的认同——以“佛”自居。此后,在“明”的需要的推动下,惠能产生了巨大疑惑,因而进行了深刻持久的“探索”,最终得以“心明便悟”,从而实现了自我同一性的完成,并形成了明确的“承诺”——其次,六祖是如何“开悟”的?通过对六祖“作佛”的心理过程进行分析,并结合当前关于《坛经》、禅修及意识的研究,分析了六祖“开悟”的心理过程,尝试构建“开悟”的心理机制。结果表明,在六祖这段漫长的参究过程中,坚韧的人格是他能够长期坚持并最终“开悟”的保障;而定力(注意的控制性)、求悟的信念和“疑情”是他能够“开悟”的必要心理成分;始终专注于觉知是六祖“开悟”的核心心理过程;六祖禅宗思想中的内在超越性是六祖通过“超越之‘思’”实现“开悟”的结果。即,“思”入超越性之“空”的结果。最后,六祖“解脱”了吗?通过对《坛经》的分析并结合心理学对正念的研究结果,对六祖如何实现“自在解脱”进行了探讨。结果表明,六祖“开悟”之后能够实现“自在解脱”的心理基础在于注意系统的整体提升和控制调节的形成。在专注性的基础之上,警觉性的提升可以“见一切法”;专注性的始终维持可以“不退菩提”。通过对六祖惠能“开悟”和“解脱”的心理机制的研究,我们可以获得两个重要启示:在人的心理发展或成长方面,按照六祖开悟的心理过程进行自我的心性训练可以实现人的心理发展的最高境界——“无我”。在心理健康或心理治疗方面,六祖开悟的心理过程为我们进行自我情绪调节和维持身心健康乃至心理治疗提供了一条自行实践的路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sixth Patriarch Huineng(638-713),one of the most influential thinkers in Chinese history,was the actual founder of ZEN Buddhism,and his altar sutra is the only buddhist work known as the sutra in China.He is generally regarded as one of the "three eastern sages" along with Laozi and Confucius.At present,there are abundant research achievements about the six ancestors in the academic circle.Among them,some scholars put forward the inherent transcendence of huineng and ZEN thought.But these studies stop at the historical source of its inherent transcendence,or the philosophical concept and the external expression of its inherent transcendence.Starting from the path of psychobiography,The purpose of this paper is to study the life story of huineng by analyzing the historical data and research data related to huineng,so as to reveal the dynamic psychological process of the huineng forming the inner transcendence in his ZEN thoughts,and creating another possibility for a deep understanding of his thoughts.Psychobiography is a branch of knowledge that systematically adopts the theories and methods of psychology to study the life stories of individual characters.In order to make a deep analysis on three important suspense questions of huineng,namely "zuofo","kaiwu" and "jietuo",so as to answer the core question of whether "becoming a Buddha" can truly be liberated,in this study,psychological theories were selected based on the characteristics of "Events of Saliency" in the relevant data of huineng.First,Why does huineng want to―zuofo‖?This study analyzes the psychological dynamic structure of huineng "zuofo" from the aspects of social culture,family "education" and personal internal motivation.The results showed that huineng’s loss of his father made his mother the only attachment object,which made him establish a lasting and strong attachment relationship with his mother in the special "circumstance" of the reconstruction need of sense of security and "oeditis complex".Huineng has developed a deep self-confidence in the process of being immersed in social culture,internalizing the meaning of his name,and pursuing his mother’s approval.And under the action of multiple psychological dynamics,such as self-confidence,the internalization of name meaning,the pursuit of mother’s approval,the compassion-contemplation,etc.,a lasting and strong identification of "Buddha" is formed--consider oneself to be "Buddha".Then,driven by the need of "Ming",huineng had great doubts,so he made a deep and lasting "exploration",and finally realized the ―xinmingbianwu‖,and formed a clear "commitment" to take action to seek "zuofo" in the north.Second,how did huineng achieve ―kaiwu‖?Through the analysis of the mental process of "zuofo" of huineng,and combining with the current research on the altar sutra,meditation and consciousness,this paper analyzes the mental process of "kaiwu" of huineng and tries to construct the psychological mechanism of "kaiwu".The results show that the tenacious personality is the guarantee of huineng’s long-term persistence and ultimate ―kaiwu‖.The essential psychological components of his "kaiwu" are the ability of concentration(the control of attention),the belief of seeking ―kaiwu‖ and the "suspicion".Always focusing on awareness is the core psychological process of huineng’s "kaiwu".The inherent transcendence in the ZEN thoughts of huineng is the result of his realization of "kaiwu" through transcendent "thinking".That is,"thinking" into the transcendent "empty" results.Finally,are huineng "jietuo" ?Based on the analysis of the altar sutra and the research results of psychology on mindfulness,this paper discusses how huineng realized "jietuo".The results show that the psychological basis for the realization of "jietuo" after "kaiwu" lies in the overall promotion and the formation of control and regulation of attention system.On the basis of concentration,the increase of alertness can "see all the thing";the constant maintenance of concentration can "not retreat bodhi".Through the research on the psychological mechanism of ―kaiwu‖ and ―jietuo‖ of huineng,we can obtain two important inspirations: in the aspect of human psychological development or growth,the highest state of human psychological development--"non-ego" can be realized by conducting the mental training of self according to the psychological process of huineng’s ―kaiwu‖.In terms of mental health or psychotherapy,the psychological process of huineng’s ―kaiwu‖ provides a do-it-yourself path for us to carry out self-regulation of emotions,maintain physical and mental health and even psychotherapy.更多还原