【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 杨慧民；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 马克思主义理论， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 由于日益加剧的气候变化、生态危机在全球范围内的盛行以及拉丁美洲土著人民生态斗争实践的原因,生态社会主义的杰出人物之一迈克尔·洛威于20世纪90年代开始转而研究生态社会主义。基于对历史唯物主义进步观的解读,洛威系统探讨了人与自然关系、资本主义制度“非生态”本质、生态社会主义建构路径等,形成了独具特色的激进的生态社会主义思想体系。洛威的生态社会主义思想是在反思人与自然关系、批判资本主义制度和构想未来社会——生态社会主义文明范式的问题域中展开的。他指出全球性生态危机是资本主义危机在当代的显现,危机产生的根源在于资本主义制度,进而从四个层面论证了资本主义的“非生态性”:基于“开放的辩证法”立场,深入批判了资本主义“破坏性进步”的理性逻辑;从马克斯·韦伯的“合理性”概念出发,揭示了资本主义经济结构的“非伦理”性;阐明了广告作为全球生态危机的驱动力,是资本主义宗教化的外在媒介和“虚假需求”的制造者,加重了资本主义对人的控制和生态危机的严峻性;通过分类梳理资本主义执政精英们及所提出的解决生态问题的替代方案,证明了资本主义既定改革方案的无效性。因此,克服生态危机的出路只有走生态社会主义道路。洛威从理论层面上构想生态社会主义是一种批判性反思,一种融合性斗争和一种新的文明范式。而把生态社会主义的构想变成现实,则需在遵循渐进式对抗与激进化革命相结合,以人为本、以地球为中心的发展战略,调节相关矛盾关系之间动态平衡的原则上,推动民主经济政策的改革,生产系统的民主管理和重组,代议制民主政体的确立以及民众生态意识的觉醒。但历史的结局是开放的,生态社会主义并不是未来发展的唯一方案,只是“理想和可能的革命”。洛威的生态社会主义思想在一定程度上继承和深化了马克思主义的生态思想,丰富发展了当代生态社会主义思想,对我国社会主义生态文明建设也有一定的启示。然而,洛威缺乏对经典马克思主义生态思想的整体把握,用生态危机批判代替资本主义主义经济危机的批判,没有看到全球生态危机的罪魁祸首是资本主义制度根源,也忽视了社会发展规律的客观性,且对生态社会主义的构想杂糅着浪漫主义元素。洛威生态社会主义理论建构是不成熟的,实践上是行不通的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the increasing climate change,the prevalence of the ecological crisis around the world,and the practice of the ecological struggle of indigenous peoples in Latin America,Michael L?wy,one of the outstanding figures of ecological socialism,began to study ecological socialism in the 1990 s.Based on the interpretation of the progressive view of historical materialism,L?wy systematically discussed the relationship between man and nature,the “non-ecological” nature of the capitalist system,and the construction path of ecological socialism,etc.,forming a unique and radical ecological socialist ideological system.L?wy’s ecological socialism thought is launched in the problem domain of reflecting on the relationship between man and nature,criticizing the capitalist system,and conceiving the future society——ecological socialist civilization paradigm.He revealed that the global ecological crisis is the contemporary manifestation of the capitalist crisis,the root of the crisis lies in the capitalist system,and then demonstrates the “non-ecological” nature of capitalism from four levels: Based on the “open dialectics” position,he deeply criticized the rational logic of capitalist “destructive progress”;Starting from Max Weber’s concept of “rationality”,he reveals the “non-ethical” nature of the capitalist economic structure;Clarified that advertising,as the driving force of the global ecological crisis,is the external medium of capitalist religiousization and the producer of “false demand”,which aggravates the control of capitalism on people and the severity of the ecological crisis;By sorting out the capitalist ruling elites and the proposed alternative solutions to ecological problems,the effectiveness of the established reforms of capitalism is proved.Therefore,the only way to overcome the ecological crisis is to take the path of ecological socialism.L?wy’s conception of ecological socialism at the theoretical level is a critical reflection,a fusion struggle,and a new civilization paradigm.To turn the concept of ecological socialism into reality,it is necessary to follow the principle of combining progressive confrontation with radical revolution,people-oriented and earth-centered development strategy,and adjusting the dynamic balance between related contradictions,to promote the reform of democratic economic policies,the democratic management and reorganization of production systems,the establishment of representative democratic polities and the awakening of the people’s ecological consciousness.But the historical ending is open,and ecological socialism is not the only plan for future development,but only “ideal and possible revolution”.L?wy’s ecological socialism has inherited and deepened the ecological thought of Marxism to a certain extent,enriched the development of contemporary ecological socialism,and has certain enlightenment for the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China.However,L?wy lacked an overall grasp of the classic Marxist ecological thought,replaced thecriticism of the capitalist economic crisis with ecological crisis criticism,did not see that the culprit of the global ecological crisis is the root of the capitalist system,ignored the objectivity of social development laws and the concept of ecological socialism is mixed with romantic elements.L?wy’s theory of ecological socialism is immature and practically impossible.更多还原