【作者】 刘晨；

【导师】 范水生； 尤有利；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以福建省乌龙茶主产区为例

【摘要】 茶产业是中国传统的优势特色产业,作为现代农业的重要组成部分,做强中国茶产业是推进农业供给侧结构性改革的重要内容,也是助力脱贫攻坚的重要途径,是发展现代农业的重要任务。福建省作为中国的产茶大省,也是乌龙茶的主产区,近年来在政府部门的高度重视下,福建茶产业发展势头强劲,取得了很多显著成绩。同时,福建茶产业仍然存在产能过剩、生产成本增加、茶叶质量安全、农业面源污染以及茶园生态环境等一系列问题,面对激烈的市场竞争环境,走绿色发展的道路,是茶叶经济可持续发展的必然选择。福建茶产业必须加快生产发展方式的转型,生态化生产是实现茶产业绿色、高质量发展的必然途径。作为茶叶生产领域的主体——茶农,其生产行为的“生态化”程度与茶产业生态化发展的状况密切相关。面对我国农业绿色发展的大背景下,如何促进茶农参与生态化生产行为是值得关注的方向。然而,目前的文献对农业绿色生产、生态行为的研究虽多,但是从茶农视角研究其生态化生产行为的却较少。茶农生态化生产行为受到哪些因素的影响?厘清茶农生态化生产行为特征及其影响机制,有助于鼓励和引导茶农参与茶叶生产方式的转型,进而改善茶园的生态环境,缓解人与自然的矛盾,对于促进茶产业绿色化转型以及茶农增收创收具有十分重要的意义。因此,本文以福建省乌龙茶主产区的茶农为研究对象。首先,梳理国内外学者的相关研究和理论;其次在界定生态化生产、行为、茶农生态化生产行为的概念基础上,通过理论分析构建茶农生态化生产行为的指标体系,并提出研究假设以及理论分析模型;再次,对福建省乌龙茶主产区的安溪县和武夷山市茶农进行问卷调查,采用有序Logistic回归模型探讨分析茶农的个人特征、家庭资源禀赋特征、社会责任意识、生态化生产认知以及外部环境因素对茶农参与生态化生产行为的影响程度及方向;最后,根据实证分析结果有针对性的从茶农和政府两个层面提出优化茶农生态化生产行为的对策与建议。本文通过研究得出以下结论:(1)茶农的生态化生产行为与各影响因素之间的关系:在茶农的个人特征变量中,茶农的性别和受教育程度对茶农生态化生产行为参与程度有显著正向的影响作用。年龄变量虽然不显著,但是对茶农生态化生产行为有负向影响;在茶农家庭资源禀赋特征中,兼业情况对茶农生态化生产行为的显著正向影响作用;在茶农社会责任意识变量中,对茶叶生态化生产技术和管理方法的关注程度和对茶产业生态化转型发展持何态度属于显著变量,对茶农生态化生产行为参与程度具有正向的影响作用;在茶农对生态化生产的认知变量中,生产生态茶产品能够增加经济效益、采用生态化生产管理技术会提高茶叶的品质属于显著变量,具有正向影响作用;在外部环境因素变量中,农技培训、严格的市场监管和惩罚制度属于显著变量,而政府为生态茶产品做品牌宣传,认证有机茶叶等举措对茶农生态化生产行为的参与程度表现具有负向影响。(2)优化茶农生态化生产行为的政策建议:加强教育培养,提高茶农的整体素质;提高茶农收入水平,保障茶农收益的稳定性;加强茶农生态农业技术认知,深化生态化生产行为;提高茶农生态保护责任意识,加强生态意识教育;加大政府的财政补贴力度,细化补贴标准与额度;加强农业环境监管力度,建立激励约束机制;加快科技创新,突出绿色发展支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tea industry is a traditional and characteristic industry in China.As an important part of modern agriculture,strengthening the Chinese tea industry is an important part of promoting structural reforms on the agricultural supply side.It is also an important way to help overcome poverty and a task for the development of modern agriculture.Fujian Province,as a major tea-producing province in China,is also the main production area of oolong tea.In recent years,with the high attention of the government,the Fujian tea industry has developed strongly and achieved many remarkable achievements.At the same time,Fujian tea industry also has a series of problems such as overcapacity,increased production costs,tea quality safety,agricultural non-point source pollution,and tea garden ecological environment.Facing the fierce market competition environment,taking the road of green development is tea industry should do it firstly which create a sustainable tea economy.The inevitable choice for development.Fujian tea industry must accelerate the transformation of production development mode as well as ecological production,it is an inevitable way to achieve green and high-quality development of tea industry.As the main body of tea production field-tea farmers,the degree of "ecological" of their production behavior is closely related to the statusof ecological development of the tea industry.Faced with the background of green agricultural development in China,how to promote tea farmers to participate in ecological production is key point which should be focused on.However,although there are many studies on agricultural green production and ecological behavior in the current literature,few studies on its ecological production behavior from the perspective of tea farmers.So which kinds of factors influence the ecological production of tea farmers? Clarifying the tea farmers’ ecological production behavior and its impact mechanism can help encourage and guide tea farmers to participate in the ecological transformation of the tea industry,thereby improving the ecological environment of the tea garden and alleviating the contradiction between man and nature,and promoting the green transformation of the tea industry and increasing the income of the tea farmers,those are important things.Therefore,this paper takes tea farmers in the main producing area of Wulong tea in Fujian Province as the research object.First,sort out the relevant research and theories of scholars at home and abroad;second,on the basis of defining the concepts of ecological production,behavior,and tea farmers’ ecological production behavior,construct an indicator system of tea farmers’ ecological production behavior through theoretical analysis,and put forward research hypotheses and theories Analytical model;again,a questionnaire survey was conducted on tea farmers inAnxi County and Wuyishan City,the main producing areas of Wulong tea in Fujian Province,and an orderly logistic regression model and then explore and analyze the individual characteristics,endowment characteristics of family resources,awareness of social responsibility and ecological production awareness and the influence degree and direction of external environmental factors on tea farmers’ participation in ecological production;finally,according to the empirical analysis results,give countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the ecological production of tea farmers which proposed from the tea farmers and the government.This article draws the following conclusions through research:(1)The relationship between tea farmers’ ecological production behavior and various influencing factors: In the tea farmers’ personal characteristic variables,tea farmers’ gender and education level have a significant positive effect on tea farmers’ ecological production behavior participation.Although the age variable is not significant,it also has a negative impact on tea farmers’ ecological production behavior;in the characteristics of tea farmers’ family resource endowments,the part-time situation has a significant positive effect on tea farmers’ ecological production behavior;in the tea farmers’ social responsibility awareness variables,The degree of attention to the ecological production technology and management methods of tea and the attitude towards theecological transformation and development of the tea industry are important variables,which have a positive effect on the degree of participation in the ecological production of tea farmers;the recognition of ecological production by tea farmers Among the known variables,the production of ecological tea products can increase economic benefits,and will improve the quality of tea by the use of ecological production management technology,which shows the considerable variable and positive impact.Among the variables of external environmental factors,agricultural technology training,strict market supervision and The punishment system is a significant variable,and measures such as government branding of ecological tea products and certification of organic tea have a negative impact on the participation of tea farmers in ecological production.(2)Policy recommendations for optimizing the ecological production behavior of tea farmers: strengthen education and cultivation to improve the overall quality of tea farmers;increase the income level of tea farmers and ensure the stability of tea farmers’ income;strengthen tea farmers’ awareness of ecological agricultural technology,deepen ecological production behavior;improve Tea farmers’ ecological protection responsibility awareness,strengthen ecological awareness education;increase the government’s financial subsidies,refine subsidy standards and quotas;strengthen the agricultural environmentalsupervision,establish incentive and restraint mechanisms;accelerate technological innovation and highlight green development support.更多还原