【作者】 陈辉；

【导师】 张翔； 任金波；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻作为我国南方的主要粮食作物,在南方各大水稻种植区得到大面积种植。水稻主要种植方式是移栽,育秧是移栽的最关键环节,南方地区潮湿、多雨的气候和泥土较湿粘的土壤条件,采用泥浆法进行秧床育秧已成为南方水稻种植区主要采用的田间育秧方法。目前这种育秧方式仍以手工劳作为主,劳动强度大,工作效率低且制得泥浆质量较差影响育秧效果,已成为限制水稻种植发展较突出的问题。随着水稻种植业的快速发展,水稻种植机械化水平也越来越高,但是国内外专门用于秧床稀泥育秧的摊铺机器却鲜有所闻,对此研究设计一种秧床稀泥摊铺机械,对解决人工作业缺点与迎合南方水稻机械插秧技术的飞速发展,加快推进南方水稻种植机械化进程具有重大的现实意义。结合相关农艺要求对现有相关育秧设备分析研究,得出现有的育秧设备或体积较大不适于在田间工作,或须人工参与,缺乏机动性;集制泥浆、收集过滤泥浆及摊铺泥浆三大功能于一体的秧床稀泥摊铺机械较少,类似于秧床稀泥摊铺机的机械鲜有所闻且功能较单一,对此设计研究一种秧床稀泥摊铺机,主要由行走装置、制泥浆装置、收集及摊铺泥浆装置这四部分组成。本文在现有相关机械的基础上设计一种秧床稀泥摊铺机。首先,为减小机器体积,工作时的阻尼,整机下沉深度以及提高机器工作稳定性,机器创新结构,将行走装置水田轮与制浆装置旋耕刀组集成形成水田轮组件,同时采用潜水泥浆泵收集及摊铺泥浆;考虑制浆之前需对黏结稻田土壤进行破土工作,在整机尾部加装破土犁头。其次,通过PROE 5.0三维绘图软件完成零件三维设计并对整机进行虚拟装配,紧接着研究摊铺机在工作过程中遇到的阻尼问题,通过建立力学模型,对制浆机的行驶稳定性和抗侧翻能力进行理论分析。然后对刀片运动和受力进行理论分析,应用ANSYS有限元软件分析旋耕刀片制泥浆时的受载与变形情况,得出受载与变形量较小,均在允许范围内;对水田轮进行模态分析,通过分析其振型和频率,并与经计算得到的发动机激振频率进行比较,最终得出水田轮组件满足设计要求;同时对泥浆泵叶轮在额定转速时进行静力学仿真分析,发现其最大应力和位移值均在许可范围内,提取叶轮前六阶模态振型和固有频率,发现泥浆泵叶轮在额定转速和实际最大转速下的频率与出浆口的频率差值较大,不会产生激振,叶轮结构满足设计要求。最后进行摊铺机样机制作并进行田间试验,针对试验现象与结果,对整机进行相关结构改进和性能优化。秧床稀泥摊铺机的研究设计降低劳动量的同时提高了工作效率,为南方丘陵地区水稻稀泥育秧育的发展和应用提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main food crop in South China,rice is planted in large areas in the major rice growing areas of South China.The main planting method of rice is transplanting,and seedling raising is the most critical link of transplanting.The wet and rainy climate and the wet and sticky soil conditions in the south of China,the mud method has become the main field seedling raising method in the south of China.This kind of seedling raising method is still dominated by manual work,with high labor intensity,low working efficiency and poor quality of mud produced,which has affected the seedling raising effect,and has become a prominent problem restricting the development of rice planting.With the rapid development of rice planting industry,the level of rice planting mechanization is getting higher and higher.However,there are few spreading machines at home and abroad that are specially used for seedling bed slime seedling raising.Therefore,the research and design of a kind of spreading machine for seedling bed slime is of great significance to solve the shortcomings of manual operation,cater to the rapid development of Rice Mechanical Transplanting Technology in South China and accelerate the process of rice planting mechanization in South China Great practical significance.Based on the analysis and research of the existing relevant seedling raising equipment in combination with the relevant agronomic requirements,it is found that the existing seedling raising equipment or large volume is not suitable for working in the field,or it has to be participated in manually,and lacks of mobility;there are fewer seedling bed mud spreading machines integrating the three functions of mud preparation,mud collection and filtration,and mud spreading,and the machinery similar to the seedling bed mud spreading machine is rarely heard and has a single function In this paper,a kind of seedbed mud spreader is designed and researched,which is mainly composed of four parts: walking device,mud making device,mud collecting and spreading device.In order to reduce the damping of the machine,reduce the sinking depth of the whole machine and improve the working stability of the machine,the machine innovates the structure,integrates the walking device and the pulping device to form the paddy wheel assembly,uses the submersible mud pump to collect and spread the mud,and needs to bond the paddy soil before pulping Carry out soil breaking work,and install a soil breaking plow at the end of the whole machine.Through the proe 5.0 3D drawing software to complete the 3D design of parts and virtual assembly of the whole machine.This paper studies the damping problem of the paver in the working process,and analyzes the driving stability and anti rollover ability of the pulper by establishing the mechanical model.ANSYS finite element software is used to analyze the loading and deformation of rotary blade when making mud,and the modal analysis of paddy field wheel is carried out.Through the analysis of its vibration mode and frequency,the optimal design is carried out,and finally the assembly of paddy field wheel meets the design requirements.Finally,the paver prototype is made and field test is carried out,and the simulation results are compared and analyzed to optimize the performance of the whole machine.The research and design of the seedbed slurry paver not only reduces the labor,but also improves the working efficiency,which provides a reference for the development and application of rice slurry seedling cultivation in the southern hilly area.更多还原