论梁鸿的乡土颓败叙事

【作者】 陈敏；

【导师】 贾丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 作为新世纪非虚构文学的代表性作家,梁鸿以归乡者的身份进入乡村内部,把故乡梁庄作为考察对象,展现了新世纪转型时期乡村内部的变化与发展、乡村人物的精神与心灵、乡村文化的裂变与消亡。以其两部代表作《中国在梁庄》《出梁庄记》为例,《中国在梁庄》将视角放在乡村内部,通过对乡村景观、乡村教育、乡村人物、乡村政治、乡村文化等全方面的描写,表现了转型时期乡村的现状与存在的问题;《出梁庄记》将关注点集中在乡村之外,把离开乡村的城市打工者作为叙事重点,通过描写他们的生活环境、打工经历来表现这类特殊群体融入城市的艰辛历程,并试图呈现这些离乡者的精神世界与情感诉求。本文将立足文本,对梁鸿的代表作《中国在梁庄》《出梁庄记》中的颓败叙事进行深入探究,并结合作家的创作特色、创作背景分析颓败叙事背后的价值追求。论文分为以下几个部分:第一部分绪论。从“新世纪乡土叙事”说起,主要阐释颓败的概念、乡村颓败的现象和介绍梁鸿《中国在梁庄》《出梁庄记》的研究现状。第一章“颓败的乡村现实”,通过对文本深入解读揭示乡村颓败的现状。生态环境的失衡、生活空间的缩小导致乡村生存空间的恶化;权力的崇拜、政权的式微与质变使乡村政治呈现出复杂的局面;民间文化的失落、乡村教育的轻视、道德信仰的缺失导致乡村精神文化的溃败。以上三个层面揭示了整体性颓败的现实。第二章“颓败的呈现方式”,从叙事学的角度分析梁鸿作品的叙事特点与技巧。跨学科方法的使用、多种视角的自由切换增强了文本的真实性,这也是其创作的独特性所在;官方话语、民间话语、知识分子话语的融合增加了作品的叙事张力;过去时空与现在时空的穿插丰富了作品的表现空间。第三章“颓败书写背后的价值意蕴”,主要分析梁鸿写作的价值与意义。梁鸿从书斋走向乡村的行动是对虚构生活的对抗,也是对虚构化乡土文学写作的纠偏;以梁庄为例来反思乡土中国命运的走向,体现着作家的责任意识与反思意识;在书写中融入对乡村群体的关注和精神世界的探寻,饱含着作家的人文关怀。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a representative writer of non-fiction literature in the new century,Liang Hong enters the hometown as a returner,and takes her hometown Liangzhuang as the object of investigation,showing the changes and development of the rural interior in the transition period of the new century,the spirit and soul of the rural figures,and the fission and extinction of the rural culture.Taking China in Liangzhuang as an example,China in Liang zhuang focuses its perspective on the interior of the countryside,and through the description of the landscape,the education of the countryside,the characters of the countryside,the politics of the countryside and the culture of the countryside,the present situation and the existing problems in the transition period.Taking the urban workers who leave the countryside as the narrative focus,the author tries to present the spiritual world and emotional appeal of these people by describing their living environment and their working experience.Based on the text,this paper probes deeply into the decadent narrative of Liang Hong’s masterpiece in Liangzhuang,and analyzes the value pursuit behind the decadent narrative in combination with the writer’s creative characteristics and background.The thesis is divided into the following parts:The first part is the introduction.Starting from the "Native Narrative of the New Century",it mainly explains the concept of decay and the phenomenon of rural decay,and introduces the research status of Liang Hong’s China in Liangzhuang and Out of Liangzhuang.Chapter 1 "The ruined rural reality" reveals the status of rural ruin through in-depth interpretation of the text.The imbalance of the ecological environment and shrinking living space have led to the deterioration of rural living space,the worship of rights,the decline and qualitative change of political power have made rural politics appear complicated.The loss of folk culture,the contempt of rural education,and the lack of moral beliefs lead to the defeat of rural spiritual culture.These three levels reveal the reality of the rural failure from material to spiritual integrity.Chapter Two,"The Presentation Mode of Failure",by analyze the narrative characteristics and skills of Liang Hong’s works from the perspective of narratology.The use of interdisciplinary methods and the free switching of multiple perspectives enhances the authenticity of text,which is also the uniqueness of his creation;The fusion of discourses increases the narrative tension of the work;the interspersing of past and present time and space has enriched the expression space of the work."Post-value implication" mainly analyzes the value and significance of Liang Hong’s writing.Liang Hong’s move from study to the countryside is a confrontation with fiction life and a correction of fiction local literature writing;taking Liangzhuang as an example to reflect on rural China.The direction of destiny reflects the consciousness of responsibility and the reflection of writers.In the writing,the attention to rural groups and the exploration of the spiritual world are full of humanistic care of writers.更多还原