我国有限责任公司股东优先购买权法律问题研究

【作者】 张鹏；

【导师】 刘敏；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 经济法学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着市场经济的发展,公司法律制度的日益完善。在我们国家的企业组织形式中,有限责任公司的数量位居第一。因而在实践中,有限责任公司的股权对外转让越来越频繁,而股权对外转让必然涉及到股东优先购买权问题。在司法实践中,因股东优先购买权所引发的争讼数量不在少数,而且因股东优先购买权所引发的争讼的上诉率畸高,超过了五成。在此背景之下,本文尝试去发掘背后的问题并尝试提出解决相关问题之建议。本文共分为四个部分,其中第一部分阐释了有限责任公司股东优先购买权的基本理论,该部分的核心内容是讨论了股东优先购买权之权利性质为何。在立足于学界相关理论和结合实务案例的基础之上,提出将股东优先购买权定性为形成权更为适宜。文章的第二部分是整篇论文的核心部分,该部分将实务中至今悬而未决的问题进行提取,这三个问题分别是:股权转让协议的效力、行权前提及同等条件。提取问题之后进行分析,并提出了自己的观点。认为股权对外转让协议之效力在不涉及《合同法》第五十二条的情况下,原则上是有效的;基于操作性之考量,将股东优先购买权的行权前提统一为“签订股权转让合同”较为适宜;对于行权所参考的“同等条件”理解为具有实质影响力的条件更为符合实际。文章的第三部分比较分析了域外地区和我国相关地区的关于股东优先购买权的立法例,并从中得出了对我们国家股东优先购买权相关立法的启示。文章的最后一部分,在立足前述几部分的基础之上,尝试提出对股东优先购买权所涉及的三个主要问题提出相应的解决对策。对策主要涉及了在现行法律体系之下如何解决和对未来相关立法的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the market economy,the company’s legal system is increasingly improved.In the form of enterprise organization in our country,the number of limited liability companies ranks first.Therefore,in practice,the external transfer of shareholding of limited liability companies is becoming more and more frequent,and the external transfer of shareholding inevitably involves the issue of shareholders’ priority purchase rights.In judicial practice,the number of disputes caused by shareholders’ preemptive rights is not small,and the appeal rate of disputes caused by shareholders’ preemptive rights is abnormally high,exceeding 50%.Against this background,this article attempts to discover the problems behind it and attempts to propose suggestions to solve the related problems.This article is divided into four parts,of which the first part explains the basic theory of the limited purchase rights of shareholders of limited liability companies.Based on the relevant theories of the academia and combined with practical cases,it is proposed that it is more appropriate to characterize the shareholders’ pre-emptive rights as formation rights.The second part of the article is the core part of the whole paper.This part extracts the unresolved issues in practice so far.These three issues are: the validity of the equity transfer agreement,the prerequisite for exercise and the equivalent conditions.After extracting the problem,analyze it and put forward your own point of view.It is believed that the effectiveness of the equity transfer agreement outside the country does not involve Article 52 of the Contract Law.In principle,based on operational considerations,the exercise of the shareholders’ pre-emptive rights is unified as "signing equity transfer the contract" is more appropriate;the "equivalent conditions" referred to by the exercise are understood to be conditions with substantial influence that are more realistic.The third part of the article comparatively analyzes the legislative examples of shareholders’ pre-emptive rights in the extraterritorial regions and relevant regions in my country,and draws inspirations from the relevant legislation on the pre-emptive rights of shareholders in our country.The last part of the article,on the basis of the previous parts,tries to put forward corresponding solutions to the three main problems involved in the shareholders’ preemptive rights.The countermeasures mainly involve how to solve under the current legal system and suggest related legislation in the future.更多还原