【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 万冬梅；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 动物学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,动物的个性逐渐成为生态学研究的重点。大量野外试验证明,个性会影响鸟类各项重要的生命活动如生存、繁殖、扩散和社会组织结构等。鸟类个性同时与激素、免疫、遗传等生理指标有关。个性和繁殖之间的联系实际上是个体面对风险时对自我保护和需求的权衡,而双亲繁殖投入策略可能与个性有关。由于动物不能自我报告,所以研究动物个性通常需要通过观察或者饲养动物来获得。当前野外鸟类个性研究方法主要采用新环境测试记录行为法,本研究以杂色山雀(Sittiparus varius)为研究对象,(1)测定了野生杂色山雀的三个个性参数(探索性、活跃性、勇敢性),并尝试分析杂色山雀的个性与其分布范围间的关系;(2)将杂色山雀的个性与身体条件联系,尝试建立野生杂色山雀个性与体征的关系;(3)探究了杂色山雀双亲个性与繁殖投入(巢防卫、育雏投入)的关系,以及配偶选择与个性间的关系。结果表明:1.杂色山雀与广域分布的大山雀个性差异显著,其探索性(Z=﹣2.582,p<0.01)、活跃性(Z=﹣5.148;p<0.001)以及勇敢性(Z=﹣2.003,p<0.05均显著低于大山雀。由此推测,由于其弱的探索性、活跃性以及勇敢性,导致杂色山雀不容易扩散,即使扩散到新的环境中也不易成功建立新的稳定种群,因此也就更易形成狭域分布。2.杂色山雀个性与身体条件显著相关,喙越宽(β=0.217;p=0.006)、跗跖越长(β=0.074;p=0.033)的个体探索性越强;喙越短(β=5.630;p=0.009)、喙越宽(β=-78.736;p=0.001)、翅越长(β=-8.646;p=0.027)的个体活跃性越强;跗跖越长(β=0.052;p=0.026)、翅越长(β=0.017;p=0.038)的个体勇敢性越强。研究发现尾长与个性无显著相关。3.使用与未使用人工巢箱的杂色山雀探索性(t=0.149,p=0.882)、活跃性(t=0.433,p=0.666)、勇敢性(t=1.5,p=0.137)间并没有显著差异。雌雄配偶间探索性(r=0.243,p=0.082)、活跃性(r=-0.118,p=0.405)、勇敢性(r=0.136,p=0.337)无显著相关,配偶对间探索性(Z=-1.265,p=0.206)、活跃性(Z=-0.220,p=0.826)、勇敢性(Z=0.5,p=0.617)没有显著差异,即勇敢性、探索性、活跃性与配偶选择无显著相关。4.活跃性越强的双亲巢防卫越强(β=-0.009,p=0.048),但探索性(β=1.598,p=0.101)、勇敢性(β=-0.524,p=0.634)与巢防卫投入之间无显著相关;双亲育雏投入与探索性(β=0.433,p=0.704)、活跃性(β=-0.011,p=0.104)、勇敢性(β=-0.561,p=0.638)也无显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,animal personality has gradually become the focus of ecological research.A large number of field experiments have proved that personality can affect various important ecological processes of birds,such as survival,reproduction,diffusion and social organization.Bird personality is also related to physiological indexes such as hormone,immunity and heredity.The link between personality and reproduction is actually a trade-off between the need for the potential benefit and risk.Because animals cannot self-report,studying animal personalities often requires observing or feeding animals.At present,the research method of wild bird personality mainly adopts the new environmental test recording behavior.(1)I took varied tit(Sittiparus varius)as the research object and measured the personality(exploratory,active and boldness)of wild varied tit,and related with distribution range.(2)I tested the relationship between the personality traits and physical features of the wild varied tit.(3)I tested the personality of the parents of the varied tit,explored the relationship between the parents’ mating personalities,and related them to reproductive investment(nest defense,brood investment).The results show that:1.There were significant differences in personality between the varied tit and the wide-distributed great tits,including their exploratory(Z =-2.582,p < 0.01),activity(Z =-5.148;p < 0.001)and boldness(Z =-2.003,p < 0.05).It’s may be difficult for the varied tit spreads to a new environment,to establish a stable population It due to its weak exploratory,active and boldness.Thus,it is relatively normal for varied tit to keep a narrow distribution.2.There was a significant relationship between personality and body mass of varied tits.The more exploratory the individual was,the wider its beak(β = 0.217,p = 0.006)is and the longer its tarsometatarsus(β = 0.074,p = 0.033)were.Highly active individuals also had relatively short and wide beak(β = 5.630,p= 0.009;β =-78.736,p = 0.001)and long wing(β =-8.646,p = 0.027).The longer the tarsometatarsus(β = 0.052,p = 0.026)and the longer the wing was(β = 0.017,p = 0.038),the braver it was.The study found no significant correlation between tail length and personality traits.3.There was no significant difference in exploratory(t = 0.149,p = 0.882),activity(t = 0.433,p = 0.666),and boldness(t = 1.5,p = 0.137)between the varied tits using and not using the artificial nest box.There was no correlation between exploratory(r = 0.243,p = 0.082),active(r =-0.118,p = 0.405)and boldness(r = 0.136,p = 0.337)and also no significant difference in exploratory(Z =-1.265,p = 0.206),active(Z =-0.220,p = 0.826)and boldness(Z = 0.5,p = 0.617)between male and female partners.The choice of the spouse had nothing to do with the exploratory,active and boldness in varied tits.4.Active parents defend their nest relatively relatively strongly(β =-0.009,p = 0.048).There was no relationship between exploratory and boldness and nest defense investment.Parental investment in brooding showed no significant relationship with their exploration(β = 0.433,p = 0.704),activity(β =-0.011,p = 0.104)and boldness(β =-0.561,p = 0.638).更多还原