【作者】 王皓；

【导师】 贾倩民；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 农业·农业管理（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究于2019年在河西灌区进行田间试验,在覆膜种植下设置青贮玉米单播（S）、青贮玉米-秣食豆混播（SM）和青贮玉米-拉巴豆混播（SL）3个种植模式,每个模式下设置6种灌溉方式:6叶期灌溉（W1）;6叶期和12叶期灌溉（W2）;6叶期和散粉期灌溉（W3）;6叶期、12叶期和散粉期灌溉（W4）;6叶期、散粉期和籽粒建成期灌溉（W5）;6叶期、12叶期、散粉期和籽粒建成期灌溉（W6）,每个时期均灌溉1500 m³ hm^-2,研究不同种植模式和灌溉方式对玉米生长、产草量、品质、水分利用和经济效益的影响,主要结果如下:（1）同一灌溉方式下,SM和SL较S没有显著增加玉米的株高和相对叶绿素含量,但在生育后期显著提高了群体叶面积指数和生物量。同一种植模式下,在籽粒建成期和收获期W5处理的玉米株高、相对叶绿素含量、群体叶面积指数和生物量与W6差异不显著,两者显著高于W1,但在6叶期和12叶期各灌溉处理无显著差异。（2）由于混播种植增加了豆科产量,从而使SM和SL的总产量显著高于S。SM和SL的总鲜草产量较S分别增加了19.11%和16.44%,总干草产量分别增加了12.67%和9.00%。同一种植模式下,W4、W5和W6的玉米产量、豆科产量和总产量显著高于W1,而W4、W5与W6无显著差异。平均值显示,W2、W3、W4、W5和W6的总鲜草产量较W1分别增加了17.26%、21.25%、39.12%、45.88%和46.63%,总干草产量较W1分别增加了13.86%、17.71%、35.75%、44.18%和43.80%。（3）同一灌溉方式下,各种植模式的整株玉米粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的含量无显著差异,由于豆科饲草的加入,致使混播处理的总粗蛋白含量显著提高,淀粉、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维总含量显著降低,因此混播处理较单播显著提高了相对饲用价值（RFV）。同时SM较S显著增加了粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的总产量。同一种植模式下,各灌溉处理的整株玉米粗蛋白、淀粉、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的含量差异不显著,但W5和W6较W1显著提高了粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗灰分的总产量。平均值显示,W5处理的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量以及总RFV显著高于W1,且W5处理获得了最高的粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗灰分产量。（4）同一灌溉方式下,各种植模式的收获期土壤贮水量、耗水量、降水利用效率（PUE）和水分利用效率（WUE）无显著差异。平均值显示,SM和SL较S显著提高了PUE和WUE。同一种植模式下,W5和W6的收获期土壤贮水量、耗水量和PUE显著高于W1,而W6的WUE显著低于其他灌溉处理。平均值表明,W1、W2、W3、W4和W5的WUE显著高于W6,较W6分别提高了21.78%、21.32%、22.68%、14.93%和23.64%。（5）SM和SL处理的总收入和净收益显著高于S,总收入较S分别增加了19.87%和17.67%,净收益较S分别提高了27.37%和20.11%。同一种植模式下,W5的净收益显著高于W1、W2和W3,与W6无显著差异。平均值显示,W2、W3、W4、W5和W6的净收益较W1分别提高了16.46%、21.95%、36.59%、47.56%和36.59%。所有处理中SM-W5获得了最高的净收益(2.47万元hm^-2)。因此,青贮玉米-秣食豆混播下在6叶期、散粉期和籽粒建成期各灌溉1500 m³hm^-2（SM-W5）是一种适宜河西灌区青贮玉米生产的管理措施,可促进玉米生长,提高产草量、营养价值和水分利用效率,且获得了最高的净收益。更多还原

【Abstract】 This field experiment was carried out in the Hexi irrigation area during 2019.Under the plastic film mulching cultivation,there were three planting modes:silage maize monocropping（S）,silage maize mixed with fodder bean（SM）and silage maize mixed with lablab bean（SL）.Six irrigation modes were set in each planting mode:irrigation at 6-leaf stage（W1）;irrigation at 6-leaf stage and 12-leaf stage（W2）;irrigation at 6-leaf stage and pollen-shedding stage（W3）;irrigation at 6-leaf stage,12-leaf stage and pollen-shedding stage（W4）;irrigation at 6-leaf stage,pollen-shedding stage and blister stage（W5）,irrigation at 6-leaf stage,12-leaf stage,pollen-shedding stage and blister stage（W6）,each stage was irrigated with 1500 m³hm^-2.The effects of different planting modes and irrigation modes on the maize growth,yield,quality,water use and economic benefits were studied.The main results are as follows:（1）Under the same irrigation mode,SM and SL treatments did not significantly increase the plant height and relative chlorophyll content of maize compared with S treatment,but significantly increased the leaf area index and biomass in the later growth stage.Under the same planting mode,the plant height,relative chlorophyll content,population leaf area index and biomass of W5 treatment were not significantly different from those of W6 treatment at blister and harvest stage,which were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment,but no significant difference was found in irrigation treatment at 6-leaf and 12-leaf stage.（2）Due to the mixed sowing treatments increased legume yield,the total yield of SM and SL treatments was significantly higher than that of S treatment.Compared with S treatment,the total fresh grass yield of SM and SL treatments increased by19.11%and 16.44%,and the total hay yield increased by 12.67%and 9.00%.Under the same planting mode,the maize yield,legume yield and total yield of W4,W5 and W6 treatments were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment,but there was no significant difference between W4,W5 and W6 treatments.The average value showed that the total fresh grass yield of W2,W3,W4,W5 and W6 treatments increased by17.26%,21.25%,39.12%,45.88%and 46.63%compared with W1 treatment,and the total hay yield increased by 13.86%,17.71%,35.75%,44.18%and 43.80%compared with W1 treatment.（3）Under the same irrigation mode,there was no significant difference in crude protein,starch,crude fat,acid detergent fiber（ADF）and neutral detergent fiber（NDF）content of the entire maize plant in each planting mode.Because of the addition of legume,the total content of crude protein increased significantly,and the total content of starch,ADF and NDF in the mixed sowing treatments decreased significantly,so the mixed sowing treatments significantly increased the relative feed value（RFV）compared with the single planting.At the same time,SM treatment significantly increased the total yield of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash.Under the same planting mode,the content of crude protein,starch,ADF and NDF in the entire maize plant under different irrigation treatments were not significantly different,but W5 and W6 treatments significantly increased the total yield of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and starch compared with W1 treatment.The average value showed that the content of crude protein,crude fat and total RFV of W5 treatment were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment,and the highest yield of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and starch were obtained under the W5 treatment.（4）Under the same irrigation mode,there was no significant difference in soil water storage,evapotranspiration,precipitation use efficiency（PUE）and water use efficiency（WUE）among different planting modes.The mean value showed that SM and SL treatments significantly increased PUE and WUE compared with S treatment.Under the same planting mode,soil water storage,evapotranspiration and PUE of W5and W6 treatments were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment,while WUE of W6 treatment was significantly lower than that of other irrigation modes.The mean value showed that WUE of W1,W2,W3,W4 and W5 treatments were significantly higher than W6 treatment,which increased by 21.78%,21.32%,22.68%,14.93%and23.64%compared with W6 treatment.（5）The total output and net profit of SM and SL treatments were significantly higher than that of S treatment,the total output increased by 19.87%and 17.64%compared with S treatment,and the net profit increased by 27.37%and 20.11%.Under the same planting mode,the net profit of W5 treatment was significantly higher than that of W1,W2 and W3 treatments,and there was no significant difference with W6 treatment.The average value showed that the net profit of W2,W3,W4,W5 and W6 treatments were 16.46%,21.95%,36.59%,47.56%and 36.59%higher than that of W1 treatment.The SM-W5 treatment achieved the highest net profit(24,700 Yuan hm^-2)among all the treatments.In conclusion,silage maize mixed sowing with fodder bean and irrigation 1500m³ hm^-2 at 6-leaf stage,pollen-shedding stage and blister stage（SM-W5）is a suitable management measure for silage maize production in Hexi irrigation area,which can promote maize growth,improve grass yield,nutritional value,WUE,and obtain the highest net profit.更多还原