【作者】 李辉；

【导师】 许永玉；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 蚜虫作为重要的世界性农业害虫,种类多,分布广,可危害大田作物、蔬菜、果树等多种作物。氟啶虫胺腈是一种全新的砜亚胺类化合物,对蚜虫等刺吸式口器害虫有着较好的防治效果。本文通过对氟啶虫胺腈防治山东黄瓜、西瓜、桃树、小麦4种作物上的瓜蚜、麦蚜和桃瘤蚜田间防治效果评价,为3种蚜虫的田间精准用药提供数据支撑。主要研究结果如下:1、黄瓜瓜蚜对吡虫啉和啶虫脒产生了一定的抗性,杀虫效果均低于70%。氟啶虫胺腈、氟啶虫酰胺和吡蚜酮·呋虫胺对瓜蚜均有较好的防治效果,其中氟啶虫胺腈>吡蚜酮·呋虫胺>氟啶虫酰胺。2、使用氟啶虫胺腈对小麦麦蚜的防治效果明显优于吡虫啉和高效氯氟氰菊酯。25%的吡蚜酮WP 750倍液对于麦蚜防治效果与50%氟啶虫胺腈WDG 5000倍液处理在前期无显著性差异,但是后期持效性相比较差。氟啶虫胺腈用于防治麦蚜不仅起效快,杀除效果强,而且持效期长。3、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮对于西瓜瓜蚜的防治效果较差,作用效果显著低于氟啶虫胺腈,呋虫胺则居于两者之间。氟啶虫胺腈对于西瓜瓜蚜作用效果显著优于其他供试药剂,建议在实践生产中推广使用。4、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮防治桃树桃瘤蚜效果较差,螺虫乙酯在用药后前期效果极差,但是在后期对于桃树桃瘤蚜的防治效果很好,而氟啶虫胺腈3000倍液各时期防效均在90%以上,对桃瘤蚜具有较好的防治效果。5、氟啶虫胺腈在防治蚜虫上具有速效性好,持效期长等优点,与当前主流药剂交替使用可在一定程度上减缓蚜虫抗药性的产生。在生产上建议使用50%氟啶虫胺腈WDG防治蚜虫,施药应掌握在蚜虫发生初期进行,根据蚜虫发生程度间隔10 d左右喷施1次,可根据蚜虫发生程度使用3000或5000倍液处理。本文也进行了氟啶虫胺腈与常见药剂之间的急性毒性试验比较,研究发现氟啶虫胺腈对于蜜蜂毒性低于噻虫嗪和吡虫啉,在生产上推广时有利于减少杀虫剂对于蜜蜂的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aphids are major agricultural pests in the world,which can damage many crops such as field crops,vegetables and fruit trees.Sulfoxaflor is a new sulfonimide compound,which has good control efficacy on piercing sucking mouthparts such as aphids.In this study,the field efficacy test of sulfoxaflor on four crops which seriously damaged by aphids in Shandong Province,the number of insect population were recorded at 1,3,7 and 10 days after application.The main results are as follows.1.Aphis gossypii was resistant to imidacloprid and acetamiprid,and its insecticidal effect were all less than 70%.The results showed that sulfoxaflor,flubendazole and Pymetrozine·furamethoxamide had good control effect on aphids,among which flupironil > Pymetrozine·furfuramide > flubendazole.2.The control effect of sulfoxaflor on wheat aphid was better than imidacloprid and cyhalothrin.The control effect of 25% Pymetrozine WP 750 times solution on wheat aphid was not significantly different from that of 50% sulfoxaflor WDG 5000 times solution in the early stage,but the persistence was poor in the late stage.The results showed that sulfoxaflor not only had quick effect and strong control efficacy,but also had long effective period.3.The killing effect of imidacloprid and Pymetrozine on watermelon aphid was poor,and the control efficacy was significantly lower than sulfoxaflor and furamethoxam was between them.The results showed that the control efficacy of sulfoxaflor on watermelon aphids was significantly better than that of other tested insecticides,and it was suggested to be popularized in practice.4.Imidacloprid had poor control efficacy on peach aphid,while Pymetrozine showed mediocre performance in all aspects.Spironolactone had poor control efficacy and poor quick effect in the early stage after treatment,but it had good control efficacy on peach aphid in the later stage,and sulfoxaflor showed excellent performance in all aspects.5.Sulfoxaflor has the advantages of good quick acting and long effective period.Alternate use with the current mainstream insecticides can slow down the productionof aphid resistance to insecticides to a certain extent.It is suggested that 50%sulfoxaflor WDG should be used to control aphids in production.The suitable period of application should be controlled at the initial stage of aphid occurrence.Spraying once every 10 days or so according to the occurrence degree of aphids and can be used 3000 or 5000 times according to the occurrence degree of aphids.In order to ensure the efficacy of the medicine,the application must be even and thoughtful,and ensure that the solution covers all branches and leaves.In this study,the acute toxicity test of sulfoxaflor was compared with that of common insecticides.The results showed that the toxicity of fipronil to honeybees was lower than that of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid,which was beneficial to reduce the impact of insecticides on honeybees.更多还原