【作者】 孙鹏；

【导师】 李歧强；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 海洋无线传感器网络在海洋水质监测、海洋灾害预警、水下军事防御等场景中发挥着至关重要的作用,应用前景广阔。海洋无线传感器网络的部署是整个网络运行的基础,影响后续数据的发送和收集质量。海洋环境与陆地不同,其环境更复杂,并且是三维的,因此,海洋无线传感器网络的部署具有很大的挑战性。针对海洋无线传感器网络的部署问题,本文分析了网络的基本架构,并根据该架构将网络的部署问题分为水下无线传感器节点部署和水面中继节点部署两个层次,同时为了提高水下节点部署的质量,又将水下无线传感器节点部署分为两个阶段:第一阶段节点从水面下沉,进行深度调节,同时可以在水平方向细微调整位置;第二阶段基于前一阶段的初始部署结果,节点可以自由移动,对覆盖空洞进行修复。具体研究如下:针对水下节点的深度调节部署问题,首先建模,其次使用基于Voronoi图和节点密度的深度调节算法选择下沉的节点并计算下沉深度,然后对没有下沉的节点进行水平方向位置调整,提高网络的连通性,使节点均匀分布在水下三维空间。仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。针对水下节点的位置调整,引入分层的海洋水流模型,同时为水下传感器配置锚链和浮子,保证节点静止时位置固定。然后通过改进的三维虚拟力算法调整部分节点位置,提高网络的连通性和对目标区域的覆盖率,同时减少节点移动过程中的能耗。仿真结果验证了节点位置调整优化方法行之有效。针对水面中继节点部署,在建模时考虑到网络拥塞发生的可能性,对每个中继节点建立链路的数量进行限制,为了提高网络的冗余性,使用多个中继节点对一个水下节点进行覆盖。然后使用改进的人工蜂群算法求解部署问题,算法收敛速度快,提高了中继节点对水下节点的覆盖率。仿真结果显示了算法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine wireless sensor networks play a vital role in scenarios such as marine water quality monitoring,marine disaster warning,and underwater military defense,and have broad application prospects.The deployment of marine wireless sensor networks is the foundation of the entire network operation and affects the quality of subsequent data transmission and collection.The marine environment is different from land,and its environment is more complex and three-dimensional,which brings great challenges to the deployment of marine wireless sensor networks.In view of the deployment problem of marine wireless sensor networks,this paper establishes the basic architecture of the network,and divides the network deployment problems into two levels:underwater wireless sensor node deployment and surface relay node deployment according to the architecture.To improve the quality of underwater node deployment,we divide the deployment of underwater wireless sensor nodes into two stages:at the first stage,the nodes sink from the water surface for depth adjustment,after this they can finely adjust the position in the horizontal direction;the second stage is based on the initial deployment of the previous stage,at this stage,the nodes can move freely to repair the covered holes.The specific research is as follows:For the depth adjustment deployment of underwater nodes,first model the problem,and then use the depth adjustment algorithm based on the Voronoi diagram and node density to select the sinking node and calculate the sinking depth,and then the nodes are adjusted in the horizontal direction.This algorithm can make nodes evenly distributed in the three-dimensional underwater space and improve the connectivity of the network.Aiming at the free-moving deployment of underwater nodes,a layered ocean flow model is introduced.Anchor chains and floats are both configured for the underwater sensors to ensure that the nodes are stationary when they are stationary.Then the three-dimensional virtual force algorithm is improved to make it suitable for the model in this paper.This algorithm can improve the network connectivity and coverage of the target area,while reducing energy consumption during node movement.For the deployment of surface relay nodes,the possibility of network congestion is considered when modeling,and the number of links established by every relay node are limited.In order to improve the redundancy of the network,multiple relay nodes are used to cover one underwater node.Then,the improved artificial bee colony algorithm is used to solve this problem.The algorithm has a large search space in the early stage of the operation,getting a rich sample diversity,and narrows the search space in the later stage,so that the algorithm converges quickly.This algorithm can improve the coverage of relay nodes to underwater nodes.Simulation results show that,compared with several other algorithms,the algorithm proposed or improved in each of the above deployment stages has advantages in one or more aspects.更多还原