【作者】 王华；

【导师】 于清高； 王华；

【作者基本信息】 兰州交通大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 我国占地面积大,地质情况复杂且地下板块活跃,频繁的地质活动导致地震多发。据统计,我国将近一半的国土面积位于Ⅶ度以上的地震高烈度区,涉及23个省会城市。传统建筑“以刚克刚”的设计思想不仅使建筑上部结构臃肿庞大费用较高,而且不能有效降低结构在高烈度区下的地震反应。为了解决这一通病,从振型分解反应谱法和时程分析两种方法入手对高烈度区的建筑进行相关隔震设计研究,是进一步去完善和加强抗震理论及抗震设计方法,保证建筑结构在高烈度区下“三性”的重要环节。本文主要研究内容包括:(1)用PKPM及ETABS对高烈度区某四层框架结构进行建模分析,在输入结构参数一致的情况下,研究发现时程分析和振型分解反应谱法两种方法输出的楼层层间剪力存在一定的差异,相比之下,时程分析计算结果比反应谱计算结果更为保守。(2)基于高烈度区框架结构,附加隔震支座后对结构进行性能分析及经济性分析。具体算例选用2层框架、4层框架及6层框架,并置于不同烈度下(7度、8度、9度)对隔震和非隔震模型进行性能及经济性对比。计算结果表明:在高烈度区的低层建筑采用隔震设计后,虽然会减少上部结构造价,但因隔震层造价与上部结构减少造价相差无几,不能明显的体现出两种结构的经济性优劣。但是当结构楼层较高时,增加隔震层明显降低上部结构造价,同时隔震层增加的费用却并不高,建筑整体经济性提升幅度大。研究表明对同一地区,层数越高隔震经济性越好。(3)以甘肃省陇西县第二中学科技楼结构为例,工程采用新型隔震技术,在基础顶板以上布置隔震层,安装隔震支座在隔震层柱底面。使用PKPM软件进行上部结构设计,采用ETABS2016进行隔震结构时程分析,通过对比结构在五种模拟波及两种人工波的输入下隔震前后层间剪力的差异,得到结构水平向减震系数,进行罕遇地震下隔震结构模型的层间位移角以及隔震结构的抗风验算。并结合第三章经济性分析对非隔震结构和隔震结构方案的直接建设费用的对比,对隔震方案的经济性作出了简要分析。研究结果表明:对高烈度区的传统抗震结构进行隔震设计后,在性能方面大大提高了结构自身在高烈度区下的安全性,而且上部结构构件尺寸减小后设计方法可以更加灵活。在经济性方面,隔震结构可以降低混凝土强度等级及用量且将三水准目标“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”降低为“小震中震不坏,大震可修”的水准目标,并在一定程度上降低工程造价。对本工程在造价对比,隔震后造价约节省5%,同时采用该结构工程的间接经济效益也有所提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has a vast territory,complex geological conditions and active underground plate,and frequent geological activities have resulted in a large number of earthquakes.According to statistics,nearly half of the land area is located in areas with high seismic intensity above VII degrees,involving 23 provincial capital cities.The traditional design idea of "constructing a rigid structure" not only makes the upper structure of the building bulky and expensive,but also cannot effectively reduce the seismic response of the structure in high intensity areas.To solve this common problem,two methods of response spectrum analysis and time history analysis were adopted to study the seismic isolation design of buildings in high seismic intensity areas,so as to further improve and strengthen the seismic theory and seismic design method to ensure the "three characteristics" of building structure in high seismic intensity areas.The main contents of this paper include:(1)PKPM and ETABS were used to model a four-story frame structure in high seismic intensity area.When the input structural parameters were the same,the results indicated that there were some differences in the shear force between floors output by aforementioned two methods.In contrast,the results of time-history analysis were more conservative than those of response spectrum analysis.(2)Based on the frame structure in high seismic intensity zone,the performance and economic analysis of the structure with isolation bearing were carried out.The specific examples were to compare the performance and economy of the isolated and non-isolated models of different frames(2-story frame,4-story frame and 6-story frame)at different intensities(7 degrees,8 degrees,and 9 degrees).The results showed that when the low-rise buildings in high intensity areas adopted the seismic isolation design,it would reduce the cost of the superstructure.However,because the cost of the isolation layer is almost the same as that of the superstructure,the economic advantages and disadvantages of the two structures cannot be clearly reflected.In addition,when the floors were higher,adding a seismic isolation layer would significantly reduce the cost of the superstructure,while the additional cost of the seismic isolation layer was not high,and the overall economic efficiency of the building was greatly improved.The study showed that for the same area,the higher the floor,the better economic efficiency of the buildings with the seismic isolation.(3)Taking the structure of the Science and Technology Building of the Second Middle School in Longxi County,Gansu Province as an example,the project adopted new isolation technology,arranging it above the foundation roof,and installing the isolation bearing on the bottom of the isolation layer column.The PKPM software was used to design the superstructure,and the ETABS2016 was used to analyze the time history of the isolated structure.By comparing the differences of interlayer shear force before and after isolation under the input of five simulated waves and two artificial waves,the horizontal damping coefficient of the structure was obtained,and the interlayer drift angle and the wind resistance checking of the isolated structure model under rare earthquakes were carried out.Then combined with the economic analysis of Chapter 3 to compare the direct construction cost of the non-isolated structure and isolated structure,the economics of the isolated structure was analyzed briefly.The results showed that the isolation design of the traditional seismic structure in high seismic intensity area can greatly improve the safety of the structure itself,and the design method can be more flexible after the size of the superstructure is reduced.In the aspect of economy,the isolated structure can reduce the strength and quantity of concrete,meet the level goal of "small earthquake is not bad,large earthquake can be repaired",and reduce the project cost to a certain extent.Compared with the cost of this project,the cost can be saved by about 5% after isolation,and the indirect economic benefits of this structure project can also be improved.更多还原