【作者】 李辉；

【导师】 李建新；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法学理论， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以Z市G区行政复议中心为例

【摘要】 行政复议对法律规则的偏离是指在行政复议过程中法律实然对法律应然的背离,表现为行政复议中的执法问题,分为一外一内两个方面,外部偏离表现为权力、利益制衡以及主体因素造成的偏离,内部偏离表现为实体性偏离和程序性偏离以及不同结案形式所体现的价值偏离,并由此产生纠错率过低、程序规则被滥用等不良后果。规则偏离乃是行政复议机关在权力附属性和中立裁决性双重面孔下,为了实现社会控制对法律规则进行改造,形成的法律规则变形与缺位。我们须得纠正行政复议对法律规则的扭曲和偏离,通过规范法律规则适用、树立行政复议权威性、赋予“准司法性”、提升行政复议社会认同度、顺应发展趋势等举措,缓解行政复议对法律规则的过度偏离。本文从以下四个部分展开。第一部分通过对行政复议中的执法问题进行概述,从法律规则的理想与现实、实然与应然两个层次搭建理论预设,透视行政复议对法律规则的偏离内涵,指出法律规则的偏离是法律在立法和适用两个层面的失控。第二部分通过“大局意识”拆迁案件与公安机关信访案展现行政复议因权力格局、利益制衡、主体因素导致的外部偏离。第三部分通过分析相似案例的不同处理方式,展现以实体性、程序性、价值性为主要内容的内部偏离,进而分析裁决结果无法得到有效执行、行政复议意见书、和解撤回被滥用的不良后果。第四部分通过法理分析,尝试构建行政复议对法律规则偏离的解决路径。首先对法律实效与效力等相关概念进行辨析,讨论行政复议法律实效的本质。其次借用塔玛纳哈法律多元主义理论讨论法律规则偏离的内在逻辑,指出行政复议是在法律多元主义下的规则再造,从规范非正式规则、树立裁决权威性等方面提出建议。复次通过庞德的社会控制理论,提出行政复议在权力格局下逐渐成为社会控制的工具,提出减弱行政权力属性、赋予“准司法性”和独立性,提升行政复议裁决社会认同度等建议。最后通过分析行政复议展现出的多种面孔,尝试从顺应行政复议发展趋势、构建权力-民众-行政复议对话平台等方面提出建议。法律规则是重要的社会规则,更是缓解各方张力的载体,只有完善法律制度和注重法治实践,才是实现法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体化建设的应有之义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The administrative reconsideration to deviate from the rule of law refers to in the process of administrative reconsideration law of the reality of law,show the problem of law enforcement in the administrative reconsideration,divided into two aspects in a outside a,external deviation,interests balance,and main factors of power deviation caused by the internal substantive deviation and deviation of the value of procedural deviation case and different forms of deviation,and the resulting correction rate is too low,as well as the procedural rules be abused.Rule deviation is the distortion and absence of legal rules formed by administrative review organs in order to achieve social control by transforming legal rules under the dual face of power subordination and neutral adjudication.We must correct the distortion and deviation of the administrative review from the legal rules,and mitigate the excessive deviation of the administrative review from the legal rules by standardizing the application of the legal rules,establishing the authority of the administrative review,giving it quasi-judicial character,enhancing the social recognition of the administrative review,and conforming to the development trend of the administrative review.This article expands from the following four parts.The first part,by summarizing the law enforcement issues in the administrative review,establishes the theoretical presupposition from the two levels of the ideal and reality of the legal rules,the reality and the necessity of the legal rules,and looks into the connotation of the deviation of the administrative review from the legal rules,and points out that the deviation of the legal rules is the out-of-control of the law in the two levels of legislation and application.The second part shows the external deviation of the administrative reconsideration caused by the power structure,the balance of interests and the main factors through the demolition cases and the public security organs’ complaint reporting cases.The third part,by analyzing the different handling methods of similar cases,shows the internal deviation with substance,procedure and value as the main content,and then analyzes the adverse consequences such as the ineffective implementation of the ruling result,the administrative reconsideration opinions,and the abuse of the settlement and withdrawal.The fourth part tries to construct the solution path of administrative reconsideration to the deviation of legal rules through legal theory analysis.First of all,this paper differentiates the legal effect and effectiveness and discusses the essence of the legal effect of administrative reconsideration.Secondly,it discusses the internal logic of the deviation of legal rules based on Tamanaha’s theory of legal pluralism,and points out that the administrative reconsideration is the rule reconstruction under legal pluralism,and puts forward Suggestions from the aspects of standardizing informal rules and establishing the authority of the ruling.Thirdly,based on Roscoe Pound’s theory of social control,this paper proposes that administrative review gradually becomes a tool of social control under the power structure,and puts forward some Suggestions,such as weakening the attribute of administrative power,granting "quasi-judicature" and independence,and enhancing the social recognition of administrative review awards.Finally,by analyzing the various faces of administrative review,this paper tries to put forward some Suggestions from the aspects of following the development trend of administrative review and building a power-population-administrative review dialogue platform.Legal rules are not only important social rules,but also the carrier to ease the tension among all parties.Only by improving the legal system and paying attention to the practice of the rule of law,can we realize the integration of the country,the government and the society under the rule of law.更多还原