【作者】 王萌；

【导师】 雷家军； 王瑾；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 君子兰具有很高的观赏价值,其株形端正,叶片对称挺拔,四季常青,花姿优美,花色艳丽,犹如谦谦君子,雍容华贵。辽宁省是我国君子兰生产大省,主要集中在鞍山、辽阳等地。本论文主要是对辽阳市君子兰生产的现状进行调查,分析了辽阳市君子兰生产中存在的问题,为辽阳市君子兰的生产提出建议和对策。主要结果如下:(1)辽阳市的君子兰生产在环境条件上有着比较大的优势,辽阳市毗邻鞍山市这个全国最大的君子兰生产城市,在交通运输技术交流等方面有着比较便利的条件,但在生产规模远不如鞍山市。2018年,辽阳市共有约1500亩的君子兰种植面积,260多户种植君子兰,有8家规模相对较大的君子兰种植基地。销售好的年份每亩地每年收入可达7、8万元,有时多达10余万元,年产量约150万株。君子兰种植品种80%以鞍山兰为主,20%为国兰和其他品种也包括一些改良品种。(2)辽阳市君子兰的繁殖主要是采取播种繁殖的方式,有些规模比较大的君子兰基地有比较完善的温光水肥调控系统,大多数君子兰基地没有先进的温光水肥调控系统。辽阳市君子兰常见生理性病害有夹箭、烂根、日灼和黄化。君子兰常见的病害有叶斑病、细菌性软腐病、炭疽病和灰霉病等。君子兰常见的虫害有介壳虫、蜗牛、蛞蝓。(3)辽阳市君子兰生产销售过程中存在很多问题,主要表现为:精品君子兰少;种苗质量差;标准化程度低;基础设施建设薄弱;病虫害得不到很好的控制;科研技术投入较少。(4)针对辽阳市君子兰生产方面存在的问题,提出如下解决方案:建立多渠道销售模式;加大政府扶持和投入力度;增加新型的君子兰产品;增加君子兰生态旅游观光项目;加快技术创新推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Clivia is of high ornamental value,its shape is straight,the blade symmetrical and upright,evergreen in the four seasons,the flowers posture are beautiful,and the flowers’ color are flamboyant,like gentleman,its beauty is good enough for the aristocracy.Liaoning province is a great province for clivia production in China,the mainly concentrated is in Anshan,Liaoyang and other places.In this paper,the present situation of clivia production in Liaoyang city was investigated,found the problems in clivia production in Liaoyang city,it also analyzes the favorable and unfavorable factors that restrict the development of clivia in Liaoyang city,do suggestions and Countermeasures for the production of clivia in Liaoyang city are put forward.This paper combines the methods of literature data collection and practice research,visit the various clivia bases in Liaoyang city,and keep in touch with the person in charge at any time,consulted relevant literature,The main results were as follows:(1)The production of clivia in Liaoyang City has great advantages in environmental conditions.Liaoyang City is adjacent to Anshan City,the largest production city of clivia in China.It has relatively convenient conditions in transportation and technical exchanges.But it is far behind Anshan in terms of production scale and cultivat ion techniques.Up to 2018,there were about 1500 acres of clivia planting area in Liaoyang and more than 260 clivia.There are 8 relatively large scale clivia planting base.In a good year,the annual income per mu of land can reach 70,000 yuan or 80,000 yuan,sometimes more than 100,000 yuan,with an annual constant of about 1.5 million plants.Eighty percent of the cultivars planted were Anshan orchid,20 percent were Guolan and other cultivars also included some improved varieties.(2)The reproduction of Clivia in Liaoyang is mainly based on the way of sowing and breeding,some large scale clivia bases have better temperature,light,water and fertilizer regulat ion systems.Most clivia bases do not have advanced temperature,light,water and fertilizer control systems.Common physiological diseases of Clivia in Liaoyang are Clivia stem can not pull out,rotten root,sunburn and yellowing.The common diseases of clivia are leaf spot,bacterial soft rot,anthracnose and botrytis cinerea.The common pests in clivia are coccid,snail and slug.(3)There are many problems in the production and sale of clivia in Liaoyang city,the main manifestations are:few excelent clivia;poor quality of seedlings;low degree of standardization;poor facilities;pests and diseases do not well controlled;less investment in scientific research.(4)Aim ing at the problems existing in the production of clivia in Liaoyang City,The following solutions are proposed: establishing various sale modes;increase government support and investment;creating new clivia products;increasing the clivia’s ecotourism;speeding up the innovat ion and promotion of technologies.更多还原