【作者】 许敏；

【导师】 肖潇；

【作者基本信息】 北华大学 ， 学科教学（语文）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 古书中常存在一些特殊的用字现象,如:古今字、异体字、通假字等,学生在阅读文言文时很难准确把握这些特殊用字的含义。本文研究的特殊用字包括通假字、古今字和异体字三类,它们在部编本初中语文教材中分布广泛,成为学生理解文言文的障碍。怎样引导学生识别特殊用字、掌握特殊用字知识是初中文言文教学一个颇为重要的问题。因此,我选择对初中文言文特殊用字教学存在的问题进行研究,深入分析问题的成因,并结合教学实践有针对性地提出特殊用字教学建议。本文主要在借鉴他人理论研究的基础上,首先通过调查问卷的形式对初中文言文特殊用字教学存在的问题进行归纳,然后对部编本初中语文教材中的特殊用字进行汇总,结合教学实践分析特殊用字教学问题的成因,在此基础上探究初中文言文特殊用字教学策略。全文主要包括三个部分:绪论部分介绍了本文的研究背景与目的、前人研究综述、研究方法、研究的理论意义与实践意义。第一部分对初中文言文特殊用字教学进行概述,首先界定了文言文特殊用字的相关概念,其次统计了部编本初中语文教材中特殊用字的分布情况及课下注释的标注情况,对中考文言文特殊用字的考察情况进行了分析,进而明确特殊用字在初中文言文教学中的重要地位。第二部分是从教师与学生两方面对初中文言文特殊用字教学存在的问题进行调查与分析,归纳出特殊用字教学目前存在形音义关系混同、语境迁移能力差,古今对比有偏差等问题。针对这些问题分别从特殊用字自身方面、教师方面和学生方面三个角度分析它们的成因。第三部分是根据前文对初中特殊用字教学现状和原因的分析,结合实际教学提出相应的教学策略,例如:形音义关联教学法、语境推断教学法和多元训字迁移教学法,将教学案例与这些方法融合以探究其实践价值。在此基础上提出初中文言文特殊用字教学的相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are some special characters used in ancient books,such as: ancient and modern characters,different characters,traditional and simplified characters,fake characters and so on.It is difficult to grasp the meaning of these special words accurately when reading classical Chinese.The special characters studied in this paper include tongpseudo-characters,ancient and modern characters and heterotypic characters.How to guide students to recognize special characters and master the knowledge of special characters is a very important issue in the teaching of classical Chinese in junior high school.Therefore,I choose to study the problems and causes of the teaching of special characters in classical Chinese in junior high school,deeply analyze the causes of the problems,and combine with the teaching practice to put forward specific teaching Suggestions for special characters,which is of great significance.This paper is to draw lessons from others,on the basis of theoretical study,first of all,through the questionnaire for junior middle school writings in classical style in the form of special words,summarized the problems existing in the teaching,and then make up the junior high school language teaching material for department of special words to carry on the summary,analysis the cause of the special words teaching problem based on my teaching practice,on the basis of the special words in junior middle school writings in classical style teaching strategy.The full text mainly includes three parts:The introduction part introduces the research background and purpose,previous research summary,research methods,theoretical and practical significance of the research.Special words in the first part of the junior middle school writings in classical style teaching outline,first defined the relevant concepts of the writings in classical style special words,then the statistics department make up the junior high schoollanguage teaching material and the distribution of the special words in class annotated annotation,to test the writings in classical style of special words inspection were analyzed,and then clear the important position of special words in junior middle school writings in classical style teaching.The second part investigates and analyzes the problems existing in the special word teaching of classical Chinese in junior high school from the perspectives of teachers and students,and concludes that there are some problems in the special word teaching,such as the confusion of the relationship between form,sound and meaning,the poor ability of context transfer,and the deviation of the comparison between ancient and modern.The causes of these problems are analyzed from the aspects of special characters themselves,teachers and students.The third part is based on the analysis of the current situation and causes of the special word teaching in junior high school,and combined with the actual teaching,the corresponding teaching strategies are proposed,such as the form-phonological relevance teaching method,the contextual inference teaching method and the multi-word word transfer teaching method.The teaching cases are integrated with these methods to explore their practical value.On this basis,the author puts forward some Suggestions on the teaching of classical Chinese characters.更多还原