基于Scratch的小学生计算思维培养的教学案例设计与实践研究

【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 荆永君； 陈莹；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳师范大学 ， 现代教育技术（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 信息化社会的发展,5G时代的来临,人工智能正在影响着人类思维方式的发展。信息技术对社会的进步发展大家有目共睹。计算思维作为信息技术发展的核心素养,其初步在欧美兴起,被认为和听、说、读、写、算一样,是每个人都必备的思维能力。引起国际领域的广泛关注,近些年也成为我国教育领域研究的热点之一计算思维在高校以及高中课程中关注度较高,但在小学课程中的实施和研究较少。如何组织和设计教学以有效培养学生计算思维,成为当前广大教育工作者普遍关注的问题。本研究根据目前小学生计算思维培养现状,通过知网检索关键词计算思维、Scratch等的相关文献,进行了综述分析,并开展了基于Scratch的小学生计算思维培养的教学案例设计与实践等相关研究。首先笔者结合实习小学六年级信息技术课程对教学流程进行了趣味交互型教学模式的设计;其次Scratch作为教学手段实施培养小学生计算思维进行一学期的教学实践活动,每节教学活动分为:课前准备,建立概念;创设情境,明确目的;协作探究,梳理问题;创建项目,实践探究和分享交流,展示作品,并根据教师和学生行为的反馈,分析了基于Scratch培养小学生计算思维的教学实践效果。最后,采用多种分析方法对于实践效果进行分析,验证了小学生计算思维的提高。本文通过实践研究,运用三角互证的原理,对学生课堂观察、问卷与访谈、形成性练习、作品分析以及呈现报告进行的多元分析,尤其是呈现报告的形式展现了学生计算思维关于计算概念、实践、观念的多个子目标,以不同的分析方法得出通过Scratch编程课的系统学习,学习者计算思维有了较大的提高,确保了结论的有效性。在解决困难时学生能够呈现出不慌不忙,稳中做好;积极与同学进行合作;能够清晰的表达出自己的想法,更好地适应现代化社会的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of information society and the coming of 5g era,artificial intelligence is influencing the development of human thinking mode.It is obvious to all that information technology is beneficial to the development of society.As the core accomplishment of the development of information technology,computational thinking is rising in Europe and the United States.It is considered as a necessary thinking ability for everyone,just like listening,speaking,reading,writing and calculating.In recent years,it has also become one of the hot spots in the field of education in China.Computational thinking has a high degree of concern in Colleges and high school curriculum,but there is little implementation and research in primary school curriculum.How to organize and design teaching in order to effectively cultivate students’ computing thinking has become a common concern of educators.According to the current situation of primary school students’ Computational Thinking training,this study reviews and analyzes the relevant literature such as keyword computational thinking,scratch,etc.After analysis,and carries out relevant research on teaching case design and practice of primary school students’ Computational Thinking Training Based on scratch.First of all,the author designs an interesting interactive teaching mode in combination with the sixth grade information technology course of the internship primary school;second,scratch,as a teaching method,carries out a semester of teaching practice activities to cultivate primary school students’ computing thinking.Each teaching activity is divided into: preparation before class,establishment of concepts;creation of context,clear purpose;collaborative exploration,sorting out problems;creation of items Objective: To explore,share and exchange in practice,display works,and analyze the teaching practice effect of training primary school students’ Computational Thinking Based on scratch according to the feedback of teachers and students’ behaviors.At last,we use many kinds of analysis methods to analyze the practical effect,and verify the improvement of primary school students’ Computational Thinking.Based on the practice research and the principle of triangle mutual proof,this paper analyzes the students’ classroom observation,questionnaire and interview,formative practice,work analysis and presentation report,especially in the form of presentation report,which shows the multiple sub goals of students’ computing thinking about computing concept,practice andconcept.By different analysis methods,it can be concluded that System learning,learners’ computational thinking has been greatly improved to ensure the effectiveness of the conclusion.In solving the difficulties,students can take the time to do well,cooperate with their classmates actively,express their ideas clearly and adapt to the development of modern society better.更多还原