【作者】 田雨；

【导师】 李冰；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 公共管理， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 世界范围内人口老龄化趋势的加剧使得养老服务成为全球讨论的热点话题。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,早在20世纪90年代就已经步入老龄化社会。在未来,我们该如何妥善、合理地安排老年人的晚年生活,已经成为整个社会的焦点问题和热点话题。但目前,传统的家庭养老功能逐渐弱化,机构养老又由于各种主观和客观的因素而不被老年人及其家庭所接受,在此背景下,结合传统家庭养老与机构养老优势的社区居家养老应运而生,成为解决当前养老困境、保障老年人晚年生活质量的重要途径。值得注意的是,在我国,社区居家养老仍处于发展的初级阶段,虽取得了一些成绩,但在发展过程中仍存在一些问题,其中最严重的是养老服务的供需失衡。为了更好地解决这一问题,保证老年人晚年的生活质量,促进社区居家养老服务在我国的发展,必须以老年人的养老服务需求为引导,从供给端发力,为老年人提供更精准的养老服务。基于此,本文将以需求层次理论、社区照顾理论、社会支持理论和安德森行为模型为基础,基于CLHLS问卷,以65周岁及以上老年人的社区居家养老服务需求为主要研究对象,通过描述性统计分析、差异性检验和中介效应分析,对社区居家养老服务的需求状况及影响因素进行实证检验。通过描述性分析发现:传统的居家养老仍然是最受老年人欢迎的养老方式;老年人更加关注自身的身心健康,上门看病送药、提供保健知识以及提供精神慰藉服务是排名前三的需求项目;目前社区居家养老服务供需不平衡的问题凸显,存在总体上、横向上和纵向上的供需错位与脱节。通过差异性检验发现:经济状况、健康状况等人口学变量会直接影响老年人对社区居家养老服务的需求。通过中介分析发现:日常行为能力和个性特征在生活质量和社区居家养老服务需求之前起中介作用,且日常行为能力的中介作用更大。结合描述性分析和实证分析的结果,本文认为有必要从个人层面提高老年人对社区居家养老模式的认同感,以引导和发展其养老服务需求。并在准确识别需求的基础之上,从供给端发力,形成家庭、社区和政府的三维联动。就个人而言,要加强宣传,提高居民的社区居家养老服务意识;就家庭而言,要夯实家庭在社区居家养老服务提供过程中的基础性地位,从经济和精神两个层面来履行其赡养责任;就社区而言,要落实社区的作用,加强其需求识别能力、完善社区基础设施建设、丰富养老服务内容、吸纳并建立多层次的养老服务人才梯队;就政府而言,必须发挥政府的宏观管理职能,鼓励和引导多主体参与并形成合力,聚集多方资源,共同促进社区居家养老服务在中国的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The increasing trend of population aging around the world has made elderly care a hot topic in global discussions.As the world’s largest developing country,China has already entered an aging society as early as the 1990 s.In the future,how to properly and reasonably arrange the elderly population has become the focus issue and hot topic of the whole society.But at present,the function of traditional family-care is gradually weakening,and institution-care is not accepted by the elderly and their families because it is subject to various subjective and objective factors.In this context,the community home care service,which combines the advantages of traditional family-care and institutional-care,emerged at the historic moment,and it has become an important way to solve the current dilemma and ensure the elderly’s quality of life.It is worth noting that in our country,community home care Service is still in the initial stage of development.Although some achievements have been made,there are still some problems in the process of development,the most serious is the imbalance between supply and demand of care services.In order to better solve this problem,ensure the elderly’s quality of life,and promote the development of community home care service in China,it is necessary to provide community-based home care services based on the needs of the elderly.Based on this reality,this article will apply Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,supply and demand theory,community care theory,social support theory,and Anderson’s behavior model,based on the CLHLS questionnaire,and take the community home care service needs of the elderly aged 65 and above as the main research object.Using descriptive analysis,difference test and mediation effect to analyze community home care service demand and its influencing factors.Descriptive analysis found that traditional home care is still the most popular way around the elderly;the elderly pay more attention to their physical and mental health;Home visits,health education,and psychological consulting are the top three needs;At present,the problem of imbalance in supply and demand of community home care services is prominent,with the supply and demand dislocation and disconnection in the overall,horizontal and vertical directions.The difference test found that demographic variables such as economic status and health status will directly affect the elderly’s demand for community home care services;Through the analysis of intermediary,it was found thatdaily behavioral ability and personality traits play an intermediary role between quality of life and community home care service needs,and the intermediary role of daily behavioral ability is greater.Combining the results of descriptive analysis and empirical analysis,this paper believes that it is necessary to increase the elderly’s sense of community home care service at the individual level in order to guide and develop their demand.On the basis of accurately identifying demand,we will work from the supply side to form a three-dimensional linkage among families,communities,and governments.Personally,it is necessary to strengthen publicity and raise residents’ awareness of community home care service;for families,it is necessary to consolidate the basic position of families in the provision of community home care services,and to perform their maintenance from the economic and spiritual levels.As far as the community is concerned,it is necessary to implement the role of the community,strengthen its ability to identify needs,improve community infrastructure construction,enrich the content of elderly care services,absorb and establish a multi-level elderly service talent echelon;As far as the government is concerned,it must play its role,encourage and guide the participation and formation of multi-agents,gather resources from multiple parties,and jointly promote the development of community home care service in China.更多还原