【作者】 周嘉源；

【导师】 施润和；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2020， 硕士

【副题名】以上海市浦东新区为例

【摘要】 老龄化问题关乎社会的和谐稳定与可持续发展。在我国,政府通过基本公共服务的建设为居民的基本生活提供所需资源与服务,其中涉老服务是老年人晚年生活的基本社会保障,对缓解老龄化问题尤为重要。国家及地方各级政府在大力发展基本公共服务供给的同时,特别注重均等化发展目标,旨在平衡基本公共服务供需关系,使绝大多数居民能平等地享受基本公共服务。我国人口众多,尤其在经济快速发展的大中城市,老龄化问题尤其突出,迫切需要开展涉老基本公共服务资源的优化建设和配置,推进其均等化发展,使老年群体能老有所医、老有所乐、老有所养。本研究以上海市浦东新区为研究区,结合医疗卫生、公共文化和机构养老三类涉老基本公共服务,围绕老年群体对上述基本公共服务的供需关系展开研究。结合GIS、遥感和大数据等现代化信息分析技术,从供需两侧的独立分析到供需平衡分析,从单一服务评价到综合多种服务评价,对研究区涉老基本公共服务均等化问题进行全面分析,得到的研究成果主要包括:(1)在供给侧,各类基本公共服务设施的空间位置、属性特征和交通便利性均会对服务能力产生影响。研究区内一级医院与社区文化活动中心在选址上与人口需求分布较一致,而部分养(敬)老院则地处偏远,可达性差。(2)在需求侧,本研究结合高分辨率遥感影像与大数据,实现了160米高分辨率的浦东新区老年人口格网构建,为开展覆盖全区的格网化基本公共服务均等化评价提供了需求侧的基础数据。(3)考虑到老年人口对基本公共服务的需求具有综合性,本研究在对三类基本公共服务开展各自均等化分析的基础上,进一步结合三者开展综合评价,有助于政府决策部门全面掌握基本公共服务均等化现状全局及存在的问题。本研究通过浦东新区涉老基本公共服务的实例研究,说明发挥GIS、遥感、大数据等现代信息技术优势,可以为开展基本公共服务均等化评价及其优化建设提供重要决策依据,同时本研究也为该项工作提供了一套具有可推广性的操作方案,可供相关实际工作参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of aging is related to social stability and sustainable development.In China,through the construction of basic public services,the government provides the necessary resources and services for the basic life of residents.Among them,the elderly service is the basic social security for the elderly in their later life,which is particularly important to alleviate the aging problem.While developing the supply of basic public services,the country and local governments pay special attention to equal development,aiming to balance the supply and demand of basic public services,so that the vast majority of residents can enjoy basic public services equally.China has a large population,especially in large and medium-sized cities with rapid economic development,the aging problem is particularly prominent.It is urgent to carry out the optimization construction and allocation of basic public service resources related to the elderly,and promote its equal development,so that the elderly can have medical care,happiness and support.In this study,Pudong New District of Shanghai is taken as the research area.Combined with medical and health care,public culture and institutional elderly care,three types of basic public services related to the elderly are studied,focusing on the supplydemand relationship of the above-mentioned basic public services for the elderly.The research combines modern information analysis technologies such as GIS,remote sensing and big data.The research includes from the independent analysis of both sides of supply and demand to the analysis of the balance,as well as from single service evaluation to comprehensive multiple service evaluation.The main research results are as follows:(1)On the supply side,the spatial location,attribute characteristics and traffic convenience of various facilities will affect the service capacity.The location of primary hospital and community cultural activity center is consistent with the distribution of population demand,while some nursing homes are located in remote areas with poor accessibility.(2)On the demand side,this study combines high-resolution remote sensing images and big data to build a 160 m high-resolution grid for the elderly population in Pudong New District,which provides the basic data on the demand side for the evaluation of the equalization of basic public services covering the whole area.(3)Considering that the demand of the elderly for basic public services is comprehensive,this study analyzes the equalization of the three types of basic public services,and further carries out a comprehensive evaluation combining the three.This will help the government decision-making departments to fully grasp the overall situation and existing problems of equalization of basic public services.Based on the case study of the basic public services for the elderly in Pudong New District,this study shows that giving full play to the advantages of GIS,remote sensing,big data and other modern information technologies can provide important decisionmaking basis for the equalization evaluation and optimization of the basic public services.At the same time,this study also provides a set of operational schemes with popularization for this work,which can be used as a reference for relevant practical work.更多还原