【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 姜瑞忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 油气田开发工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 我国常规油田的开采大多采用注水开发,由于地层的非均质性以及注采井间长时间的注入水冲刷,储层在平面上和纵向上会出现明显的驱替不均现象,其结果就是生产井含水率上升过快,注采井间无效水循环严重,油藏最终采收率下降。为了防止和抑制注入水的突进,提高油藏的最终采收率,往往需要在注水油田中后期进行调剖堵水措施。而在调堵措施前,往往需要进行井间示踪测试来获得储层中的突进层的信息,而通过示踪剂产出曲线反演得到地层信息的技术就成为示踪剂测试的解释。本文首先推导并求解了一维对流扩散方程,并建立了均值五点井网生产井处示踪剂浓度产出模型。在通过定义校正系数五点井网的理论产出模型转化为任意井网。根据产出模型的多层叠加原理,编制了示踪剂解析解释软件。在此之后,本文介绍了示踪剂流线模拟模型的建立和求解过程,给出了Pollock流线追踪方法以及沿流线的饱和度与示踪剂浓度求解方法。除此之外,本文总结了利用流线模拟器Frontsim进行示踪剂测试解释的基本步骤和流程,并利用流线模拟器对示踪剂浓度产出曲线的影响因素进行了敏感性分析,总结了各种因素的影响规律和曲线拟合时的调参方法。根据以上理论基础,本文利用解析解释软件和流线模拟器分别对S油田的井间示踪测试结果进行了解释,并通过见剂曲线的拟合,解释得到了各见剂井的高渗通道的渗透率、厚度、孔道半径等关键参数,为后续的调剖堵水的决策提供了依据。结合流场强度分级、突进系数和注水效率三个指标,对五个目标井组的窜流程度进行排序分级,可知各井组调堵迫切程度的排序为:F17、F22>F28>F19>F24。目标区块的各个井组都不同程度的存在层间矛盾和平面矛盾:对于以层内或平面矛盾为主的井组,建议注入以聚合物微球为主的调剖剂,同时合理的调整生产井配产,在地层深部改变液流方向;对于以层间矛盾为主的井组,建议注入以凝胶类堵剂为主的调剖剂,封堵高渗通道,提高高吸水量小层的注水压力,从而增大其他小层吸水量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the conventional oilfields in China employ waterflooding for development,but due to the formation heterogeneity and the long term washing of the injected water,the water displacement would become uneven in the reservoir.As a consequence,the water cut would increase rapidly and the ineffective water cycling would become more and more predominant,and the ultimate oil recovery would decrease.In order to mitigate this phenonmenon,profile control measures are always conducted.However,the inter-well tracer tests are always performed before the profile control to obtain valuable information about the formation heterogeneity.Using the results of inter-well tracer tests to calculate the reservoir parameters is called the tracer testing interpretation.Firstly,the one dimensional convection-diffusion equation is solved and the tracer production model for in a homogenious five-spot pattern are derived.According to the superposition of the tracer production at different layers,the analytical interpretation software for tracer testing is developed.Then the streamline model for oil and water flow and its solution are presented,and the Pollock streamline tracking method are introduced so that the saturation equation and tracer concentration equation could be solved along the streamline.In addition,the general procedure to use streamline simulator Frontsim to interpret tracer testing are summarized,after which the sensitivity analysis are conducted to determine the influence of several factors on tracer concentration curve.Based on above theories,the self-developed analytical interpretation software and Frontsim software are employed to interpret the tracer testing result in S oilfield.Through the matching of tracer concentration curve,the key information of high permeability layers,such as permeability,thickness and pore radius,are acquired.Combining the flow field intensity,heterogeneity coefficient and injection efficiency,the extent of water breakthrough of the five groups are ranked,which is: F17、F22>F28>F19>F24.There exists different extent of interlayer heterogeneity and plane heterogeinity in the five groups: for those groups which mainly have plane heterogeneity,it is advised to inject polymer microsphere to adjust the displacement profile,and in the meanwhile adjust the production rate of all producers;whereas for those groups which mainly have inter-layer heterogeneity,it is advised to inject jel as profile control agent to seal the high permeability layer,thus the water allocation in other layers could be enhanced.更多还原