【作者】 张卓；

【导师】 张才喜；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 园艺学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 甜樱桃隶属于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)李属(Prunus L.),其成熟期早、果实颜色鲜艳,口味甜美,深受消费者欢迎。甜樱桃被称为果树种植业中的“黄金种植业”,设施甜樱桃亩产值可达10-15万元,目前全国共有约1万公顷设施甜樱桃。设施环境中光照偏弱,弱光显著降低了甜樱桃单果重、可溶性固形物和花青苷含量,降低了果实品质。已有研究表明,在苹果、柑橘、葡萄和杨梅生产园铺设透湿性反光膜,可提升果实的理化品质和商品性,但铺设透湿性反光膜对甜樱桃光合特性、树冠光照环境和果实品质的影响尚不明确。本试验选择辽宁瓦房店(日光温室)、山东潍坊(冷棚)和上海奉贤(避雨棚)3个试验点,以甜樱桃树冠下铺设透湿性反光膜为处理,不铺为对照,通过测定甜樱桃叶片光合日变化和光强-光响应曲线、树冠反射光光强和辐射照度、不同土层土壤温度、根际土壤微生物数量、果皮颜色、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和花青苷含量,以研究透湿性反光膜覆盖对设施甜樱桃叶片光合特性、树冠光照环境及果实品质的影响,以期为实现甜樱桃优质高效栽培提供依据。结果显示,与对照相比,铺设透湿性反光膜显著改善了树冠光照环境,离地130 cm和90 cm处的反射光光强分别是对照的6.2倍、3.9倍,处理提高了反射光在不同波长处的辐射照度,平均辐射照度是对照的2.3倍;应用透湿性反光膜显著提高了甜樱桃叶片净光合速率,增强了叶片光合作用能力;处理降低了15 cm和30 cm处的土壤温度,比对照下降约0.8℃-1.8℃;透湿性反光膜处理的果实花青苷和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于对照,分别增加33–55 U/g和1.3%-1.8%,对维生素C和可滴定酸含量差异不显著;应用透湿性反光膜果皮着色显著好于对照,表现为处理的果实亮度、色度值和色调角度均显著小于对照;在果实分级方面,透湿性反光膜处理的优质果率大于对照,表现为处理的果实果个大、果皮颜色更深。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sweet cherry（Prunus avium L.）is one of the most widely appreciated fruit for its taste,sweetness,and color.Environmental conditions have significant effects on yield and quality of fruit.Fruit quality is closely associated with the strength of photosynthesis,and can be directly affected by sunlight intensity during sweet cherry maturation.Studies have revealed that reflective mulching materials can improve light distribution at the canopy by increasing reflected light from the ground;this improves photosynthetic effectiveness and regulates sugar metabolism as well as the activity of anthocyanin synthesis-related enzymes,thereby affecting fruit sugar accumulation and coloration.Studies have demonstrated that reflective film mulching can improve light utilization in peach,apple,plum,grape and citrus trees,thereby increasing photosynthesis to improve fruit quality.However,few study on correlation between reflective film and fruit quality had been made so far in sweet cherry.In order to explore the effects of vapor-permeable reflective film on the microenvironment and fruit quality of sweet cherry in the protected area.Three test sites of Wafangdian,Weifang and Fengxian were selected,the vapor-permeable reflective film was covered for treatment and the non-filming was used as control.Fruit color,TSS,TA,pH,anthocyanin content,vitamin C,reflected light intensity and quality,leaf net photosynthetic rate,rhizosphere soil microbial content and soil temperature were analyzed.Vapor-permeable reflective film significantly improved the light environment,the light intensity,measured perpendicular at 130 cm and 90cm was 6.2 times and 3.9 times than that of the control.Vapor-permeable reflective film improved the net photosynthetic rate and reflected light quality,the highest net photosynthetic rate of sweet cherry leaves appeared at 11 o’clock,and the P_n values treated with vapor-permeable reflective film and the control were 15.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and 14.1μmol·m^-2·s^-1,respectively.The soil temperature at 15 cm and 30 cm of the vapor-permeable reflective film treated was reduced by about 1.7℃and 0.6℃,when compared with the control.Fruit treated by vapor-permeable reflective film had smaller chroma value and chroma angle,the anthocyanin content was higher than control.The vapor-permeable reflective film increased the soluble solid content,which was 1.3-1.8 percentage points higher than that of the control,and had little effect on the titratable acid content.更多还原