【作者】 王冰；

【导师】 姚莹；

【作者基本信息】 北京理工大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 水体中的重金属元素,会对水生生态系统造成巨大污染,同时也能引发各种疾病严重危害着人类健康。对我们的经济发展也是一种阻碍。而废旧储能器件的回收利用也是我们要解决的资源回收利用问题。目前的研究报道显示,对废旧储能器件的回收利用大多集中在回收利用废旧储能器件的重金属元素,而对大量的碳材料并没有加以回收,这是一种巨大的资源浪费。碳材料中碳含量成分较纯,并且拥有巨大的比表面积,和优良的结构,可以用来做吸附剂。本实验用的是废旧超级电容器碳材料制备成吸附剂,吸附水体中的铬（Ⅵ）和银（Ⅰ）两种重金属元素。通过对该种吸附剂的理化性质进行表征,并进行吸附试验对该种吸附剂的吸附效率及机理进行研究。首先,本实验运用商业化超级电容器活性炭（supercapacitor activated carbon）（SAC）作为原材料,制备成SAC吸附剂。对该吸附剂吸附重金属铬和银前后运用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDX等表征发现重金属元素铬（Ⅵ）和银（Ⅰ）吸附在吸附剂表面,并对吸附数据运用了一系列的吸附动力学和等温线模型拟合。并研究了pH值对吸附效率的影响。结果表明SAC吸附剂对重金属元素铬和银都有很好的吸附效果,对铬的最大吸附量可达到180.6 mg·g^-1,对银的最大吸附量可达到265.5 mg·g^-1。通过对pH的研究发现,pH=2.5左右,SAC吸附剂对铬的去除率达到最大为83.35%,随后随着pH值的增大,SAC吸附剂对铬的去除率逐渐降低。可以看出随着pH值的升高SAC吸附剂对银的吸附效率逐渐升高,在pH=4.5时候达到峰值,去除率为85.21%。随后运用废旧超级电容器碳材料为原材料通过600℃加热2h制备得到SUP吸附剂,对该吸附剂吸附重金属铬和银前后运用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDX等表征发现重金属元素铬和银在吸附在吸附剂表面,并对吸附数据运用了一系列的吸附动力学和等温线模型拟合。并研究了pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明SUP吸附剂对重金属元素铬和银都有很好的吸附效果。对铬的最大吸附量可达到105mg·g^-1,对银的最大吸附量可达到111.2 mg·g^-1。通过对pH的研究发现,pH=2.5左右,SUP吸附剂对铬的去除率达到最大为84.14%,随后随着pH值的增大,SUP吸附剂对铬的去除率逐渐降低。可以看出随着pH值的升高SAC吸附剂对银的吸附效率逐渐升高,在pH=4.5时候达到峰值,去除率为79.01%。通过研究结果表明废旧超级电容器碳材料可以用来作高效吸附剂,并且制备简单,节约成本,可以为未来吸附剂的研究和发展提供了新的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The heavy metal elements in the water can cause significant pollution to the aquatic ecosystem,and can also cause a variety of diseases that seriously endanger human health.And the recycling of waste energy storage device is also to solve the problem of resource recycling,the current research report shows that the recycling of waste energy storage devices are mostly concentrated in the recycling of waste energy storage device parts of the heavy metal elements,while on a large number of carbon materials and not to be recycled,which is a huge waste of resources,carbon material on the carbon content of the material is relatively pure,and has a large surface area,and excellent structure,can be used as an adsorbent.This experiment is the use of waste super capacitor anode material,prepared by adsorbent adsorption of water in the chromium and silver two heavy metal elements.The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by adsorption and the adsorption efficiency and mechanism of the adsorbent were studied.First of all,this experiment using commercial supercapacitor activated carbon（SAC）as a raw material,prepared into SAC adsorbent,The adsorption of heavy metal chromium and silver on the adsorbent was characterized by XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDX and so on.It was found that heavy metal element chromium and silver were adsorbed on the surface of adsorbent,a series of adsorption kinetics and isotherm model were used to study the adsorption data.The effects of pH on adsorption were studied.The results showed that SAC adsorbents had good adsorption effect on heavy metal element chromium and silver.The maximum adsorption capacity can reach 180.6mg·g^-1,and the maximum adsorption capacity of silver can reach 265.5 mg·g^-1.Through the study of pH found the removal rate of chromium from SAC adsorbent was 83.35%,and then the removal rate of chromium was gradually decreased with the increase of pH value.It can be seen that the adsorption efficiency of SAC adsorbents increased with the increase of pH value,and reached the peak at pH=4.5,and the removal rate was 85.21%.Followed by the use of waste supercapacitor carbon material as raw material through600℃heating 2h prepared SUP adsorbent,The adsorption of heavy metal chromium and silver on the adsorbent was characterized by XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDX and so on.It was found that heavy metal element chromium and silver were adsorbed on the surface of adsorbent,a series of adsorption kinetics and isotherm model were used to study the adsorption data.The effects of pH on adsorption were studied.The results showed that SUP adsorbents had good adsorption effect on heavy metal element chromium and silver.The maximum adsorption capacity can reach 105mg·g^-1,and the maximum adsorption capacity of silver can reach 111.2 mg·g^-1.Through the study of pH found the removal rate of chromium from SAC adsorbent was 84.14%,and then the removal rate of chromium was gradually decreased with the increase of pH value.It can be seen that the adsorption efficiency of SAC adsorbents increased with the increase of pH value,and reached the peak at pH=4.5,and the removal rate was79.01%.Through the research results show that waste supercapacitor carbon can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent,and the preparation is simple,cost savings.Which provides a new direction for the future research and development of adsorbents.更多还原