【作者】 李胜；

【导师】 胡斯佳；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 电气工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 高速发展的电气化铁路运输系统,在国家基础设施建设、社会交通服务中扮演越来越重要的角色,促进国民经济发展和提供便捷出行,同时伴随而来的是影响公共电网和牵引网自身安全、稳定、高效运行的电能质量问题。电铁潮流控制器在改善牵引供电系统电能质量问题方面的特有性能,展示了其在工程推广应用中的巨大潜能。本文以电铁潮流控制器补偿功率对网侧功率因数的影响为研究对象,深入分析其工作原理和数学模型,针对补偿功率对节容率、电压不平衡度、供电臂端口电压波动以装置损耗等问题进行全面系统的研究。首先,本文介绍了国内外治理牵引供电系统电能质量的几种常见的方案及其性能特点,结合国内外电铁潮流控制器发展历史,简单阐述了其基本功工作原理,并在控制算法优化和拓扑结构优化两方面总结了其容量优化措施的适用范围和节容效率。其次,通过对比牵引供电系统中常用的几种牵引变压器的接线形式和高低压侧电压相量图,给出了常规补偿功率的计算方法及其弊端,并结合网侧三相功率因数的公式定义和供电部门对电力用户功率因数的考核标准,创新性地推导出适用于任何接线形式牵引变压器的电铁潮流控制器两侧补偿功率与网侧功率因数的数学模型以及电流不平衡度的代数表达式。通过数据模型可以量化补偿后的无功、负序效果,其物理意义清晰明确,利用并网点对两者考核标准的宽裕度可以降低补偿功率大小进而减小容量需求。然后,根据实测负荷数据的分布规律,以补偿后的网侧三相电流相量的相角为切入点,基于YNvd平衡变压器绘制出电铁潮流控制器设计容量与三相功率因数角不同组合的曲面图,设计出由最低曲面构成的最佳补偿模式。将实测机车负荷数据考核设计的补偿功率分配方案,分析了系统的性能,以概率统计方法验证了最佳补偿模式的正确性,以及该方案在确定无源装置容量参与混合治理电能质量问题时的指导性统计数据。同时介绍了针对单相机车负荷功率的检测方法和单相变流器的控制方案。最后,设计并搭建了基于YNvd平衡变压器的2×5kW铁路潮流控制器的牵引供电系统实验原理样机,详细介绍了系统的电路拓扑结构、元器件参数、控制参数以及模拟机车负荷的操作方案。详细对比分析了三种常见机车负荷采用最佳补偿模式的补偿效果,验证了本文所提方案理论上的正确性,该原理样机给大功率电铁潮流控制器在工程上的推广应用和调试方法提供了重要参考,也展示了本文提出的功率分配方案的实际工程应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fast-developing electrified railway transportation system plays an increasingly important role in national infrastructure construction and social transportation services.It has promoted the development of the national economy and providing convenient travel,and also brought out the power quality problems affecting the safe,stable and efficient operation of public power grid and traction network.The special performance of the railway power flow controller in improving the power quality problem of the traction power supply system has great potential in engineering application.In this paper,the influence of compensation power of the power flow controller on the power factor of the network is taken as the research object,and the working principle and mathematical model are analyzed in depth,and the problems of capacity saving rate,voltage unbalance,voltage fluctuation of power supply arm port and device loss are systematically studied.First of all,this paper introduces several common schemes and performance characteristics of power quality control of traction power supply system at home and abroad.Combining with the development history of domestic and foreign railway power flow controllers,the basic working principle of power flow controllers is briefly described.The application scope and the efficiency of capacity optimization measures are summarized from two aspects of control algorithm optimization and topological structure optimization.Secondly,by comparing the wiring forms of several traction transformers commonly used in traction power supply system with the vol tage phasor diagrams of high and low voltage side,the calculation method of conventional compensation power and its disadvantages are given.Combined with the formula definition of three-phase power factor on the network side and the evaluation criteria o f power supply department for the power users,mathematical model of compensating power and power factor on grid sides of the power flow controller and algebraic expression of current unbalance are presented innovatively,witch can be applicable to any type of wiring traction transformer.Through the mathematical model,the reactive and negative sequence effects after compensation can be quantified,and the physical meaning is clear and unambiguous.The margin of grid-connected points for the two evaluation criteria can reduce the compensation power and capacity requirements.Then,according to the distribution law of the measured load data,the phase angle of three-phase current phasor after the compensation is taken as the entry point.Based on the YNvd balance transformer,the surface diagrams of the railway power flow controller’s design capacity and different combinations of three-phase power factor angle are drawn,and the optimal compensation mode composed of the lowest surface is designed.The compensation power distribution scheme is assessed by the actual locomotive load data,and the performance of the system is analyzed.The validity of the optimal compensation mode is verified by probability and statistics method,and the guiding statistical data of the scheme in determining the capacity of passive devices to participate in hybrid power quality control are given.At the same time,the detection method for single-phase load power and the control scheme of single-phase converter are introduced.Finally,an experimental prototype of the traction power supply system based on YNvd balance transformer and 2×5kW railway power flow controller is designed and built.The circuit topology,component parameters,control parameters and operation scheme of simulated locomotive load are introduced in detail.The compensation effects of the three common locomotive loads using the optimal compensation mode are analyzed detailedly,which verifies the theoretical correctness of the scheme proposed in this paper.The prototype provides an important reference for the popularization and application of high-power railway power flow controller in engineering and the debugging method,and it also shows the practical engineering application value of the power distribution sche me proposed in this paper.更多还原