【作者】 唐敏；

【导师】 张国强；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 土木工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 为了进一步实现对新型对流空调技术营造的热环境中的人体热舒适进行评价并展开后续系统控制策略研究,建立评估和预测这些新型对流空调技术所营造环境的人体热反应机制成为重要研究课题。多节点人体热反应模型由于其在非均匀非稳态环境中的优秀性能得到越来越多的关注。已有的多节点人体热反应模型,多是考虑非均匀非稳态环境中的温度因素不同对体温调节的影响,常用于较小空气流速的热环境,用于较大风速环境中的预测精度较低。本文基于现有模型,分别从皮肤表面局部对流换热系数、平均辐射温度、服装热阻等方面对不同对流环境中人体与环境换热计算进行修正,开发出可以用于不同风速工况的人体多节点热生理模型,采用MATLAB编程进行数值求解。并采用文献验证的方式,对建立的模型在不同对流工况下的有效性进行验证。本文验证结果如下:(1)在对本文模型于稳态对流换热工况下进行验证时,结果显示,将皮肤平均温度的模型预测值与自然对流、混合对流环境下的实验结果进行比较时,预测值基本位于实验测量值均数加减标准差的范围内;在受迫对流环境下将局部皮肤温度预测值与实验测量值进行对比时发现,头部、上臂、腹部、及小腿局部温度的预测误差在-1oC到1oC之间,尤其是头部及腹部的预测误差较小,不超过0.5oC;而四肢的预测偏差在某些工况下较大,足部在工况1超过1.5oC。(2)在对本文模型于瞬态对流换热工况下进行验证时,结果显示,低风速温度突变环境中,本文模型的核心温度预测值与实验测量样本范围最大相差0.2oC,平均皮肤温度的最大偏差值在0.5oC左右;在高温-吹风工况和低温-吹风工况中,躯干部位模型的预测值与实验测量值吻合得更好,局部皮肤温度模型的预测值与实验测量值偏差在0.5oC左右,小腿等末端部位在部分时间段的偏差值约为1oC。综上,在不同工况下对模型进行验证时,绝大部分部位模型预测偏差较小,部分工况下少量末端部位偏差较大,但是这些部位皮肤面积占比较小,整体而言可以接受。表明本文基于对流环境建立起的人体热反应模型能对不同对流工况下皮肤温度等生理参数进行预测,本文的相关研究能为此类环境下人体热舒适评价和系统控制策略研究提供一定参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To further evaluate the thermal comfort of this kind of thermal environment and carry out subsequent system control strategy research,Establishing mechanism for evaluating and predicting the human thermal response to the environment created by these new convective air conditioning technologies has become one of the key topics of current research.Multi-node human thermal response model has attracted more and more attention due to its excellent performance in non-uniform and unsteady environments.Most of the existing multi-node human thermal response models take into account the influence of different temperature factors on body temperature regulation in non-uniform and unsteady environments.They are often used in thermal environments with smaller air velocity and have lower prediction accuracy in larger wind speed environments.Based on the existing models,the heat transfer calculation between human body and environment in different convective environments is revised from the aspects of local convective heat transfer coefficient on skin surface,average radiation temperature and clothing thermal resistance.A multi-node thermal reaction model for human body in convective environments with different wind speed is established and solved numerically by using MATLAB programming.The validity of the model under different convection conditions is verified by literature validation.The validation results are as follows:(1)When validating the model under steady-state convective heat transfer conditions,the average skin temperature is selected as the validation value,and the predicted value of the model is validated with the experimental results in natural convection and mixed convection environments.The predicted value is basically within the range of the standard deviation of mean addition or subtraction of the experimental measurements;When comparing the predicted value of local skin temperature with the experimental measurements in forced convection environments,it is found that the prediction errors of local temperature of head,upper arm,abdomen and lower leg are between-1 oC and 1 oC,especially the prediction errors of head and abdomen are less than 0.5 oC,while the prediction errors of limbs are larger in some conditions,such as foot working condition 1 or even more than 1.5 oC.(2)The results of validation of the model under transient convective heat transfer conditions show that in the sudden change of low wind speed and temperature environment,the maximum difference between the predicted core temperature of the model and the measured sample range is 0.2 oC,and the maximum deviation of the average skin temperature is about 0.5 oC.In the high-temperature-blowing and lowtemperature-blowing conditions,the predicted value of trunk part agrees better with the measured values than limbs.The deviation between the predicted value and the measured value of the local skin temperature is about 0.5 oC,and the deviation of the partial time interval of the leg is about 1 oC.In conclusion,when validating the model under different working conditions,the prediction deviation of most parts of the model is small,and the deviation of a small number of end parts is large under some working conditions,but the skin area of these parts accounts for a small proportion,which is acceptable as a whole.It shows that the human thermal response model based on convective environment can predict physiological parameters such as skin temperature under different convective conditions.The research in this paper can provide some reference for the thermal comfort evaluation and system control strategy of human body in this kind of environment.更多还原