【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 董会芹；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 父亲教养方式是以家庭生活中亲子关系为中心的一种固定的情感模式和行为模式。它由父亲的教养态度决定,受父亲的个性、教养信念和行为习惯的影响,是父亲教养观念和教养行为的综合体。在家庭教育中,父亲具有母亲不可替代的作用,父亲的教养方式决定了父亲的教养效果,大量的实证研究表明父亲不同的教养方式对孩子的认知风格、人格特征、心理健康、社会性发展、学习能力和行为问题等各个领域都有影响。3~6岁是幼儿社会性发展的关键时期,对这个年龄段幼儿的父亲进行教养方式的研究有其必要性。在我国,城市和农村地区属于不同的亚文化区域,城市和农村地区在生产力发展水平、经济收入、消费水平等方面存在比较大的差异,而且在父母的受教育水平、亲子观念、习俗与生活方式等方面也存在较大的差异,这些差异很可能会导致城乡父亲教养方式的差异。目前,对父亲教养方式已有研究主要侧重于不同的教养方式与孩子认知、社会性、学习能力等关系的研究,而关于幼儿的父亲教养方式在城乡差异方面的系统研究还有待进一步丰富。鉴于此,本研究预通过大样本数据调查结合访谈法,对幼儿父亲教养方式的城乡差异进行较为深入细致地考察。本研究的主要目的是:(1)讨论分析城乡幼儿父亲教养方式与幼儿性别、幼儿年龄、父亲学历、父亲职业的关系,了解城乡幼儿父亲教养方式的现状,并探究城乡父亲教养方式产生差异的原因。(2)以“父亲养育方式评价量表”为研究工具,通过城乡幼儿父亲教养方式在温暖与理解、惩罚与严厉等六个维度的差异比较,发现城市和农村幼儿父亲教养方式的异同点。(3)针对城乡幼儿父亲教养方式的差异并结合差异产生的原因,提出相关的建议,使父亲教养方式更加科学、有效。采用群体抽样法,选取枣庄市2所市直幼儿园和10个镇下属的乡村幼儿园的幼儿父亲为研究对象,采用问卷调查法共收集样本数据470份,其中城市274份、农村196份。在收集问卷过程中选取部分幼儿教师和幼儿母亲进行访谈,以掌握更全面的信息和资料。根据调查问卷和访谈的结果,从不同的维度对幼儿父亲教养方式结果进行城乡对比分析。研究结论如下:(1)幼儿父亲教养方式在幼儿性别、父亲学历上存在显著性差异。具体表现在:父亲对女生有更多的温暖与理解,对男生有更多的惩罚与严厉、拒绝与否认;在温暖与理解维度上,中专(或高中)及以下学历的父亲得分显著低于其他学历的父亲。在偏爱维度中,中专(或高中)及以下学历的父亲得分显著高于其他学历的父亲。(2)城市和农村幼儿父亲教养方式的差异受幼儿性别、年龄的影响不显著。(3)城乡幼儿父亲在温暖与理解维度和过分干涉维度存在显著差异,城市幼儿父亲比农村幼儿父亲有更多的温暖与理解和过分干涉。(4)城乡幼儿父亲在惩罚与严厉维度和偏爱被试维度存在显著差异,农村幼儿父亲比城市幼儿父亲有更多的惩罚与严厉和偏爱被试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Father’s upbringing is centered on the relationship between parents and children in family life.Father’s daily life of raising children.It is a kind of fixed behavior and emotion mode to treat children.It is determined by father’s education attitude and influenced by father’s personality,education belief and behavior habit.It is the combination of education idea and education behavior.In family education,father has the irreplaceable position and role of mother.The effect of father’s upbringing depends on his upbringing style.A large number of empirical studies show that father’s different upbringing style has an impact on children’s cognitive style,personality characteristics,mental health,social development,behavior problems and learning ability and other fields.3-6 years old is the key period of children’s social development,so it is necessary to study the father’s upbringing in this age group.In China,urban and rural areas belong to two different subculture areas.Urban and rural areas not only have great differences in productivity development level,economic income,consumption level,but also in parents’ education level,lifestyle and customs,parents’ and children’s concepts,which may lead to differences in urban and rural father’s upbringing.At present,the existing research on father’s parenting style mainly focuses on the relationship between different parenting styles and children’s cognition,sociality,learning ability,etc.,while the systematic research on children’s father’s parenting style in urban and rural areas needs to be further enriched.In view of this,this study intends to investigate the differences between urban and rural areas in the father’s upbringing style through a large sample survey and interview method.The main purpose of this study is to:(1)This paper discusses and analyzes the relationship between the father’s upbringing style and the child’s gender,age,father’s education background and father’s occupation,understands the current situation of the father’s upbringing style in urban and rural areas,and explores the reasons for the differences between the father’s upbringing style in urban and rural areas.(2)Based on the "father parenting style evaluation scale",the differences of father parenting styles between urban and rural children were compared in six dimensions: warmthand understanding,punishment and severity,and the similarities and differences of father parenting styles between urban and rural children were found.(3)In view of the differences between urban and rural children’s father rearing patterns and the reasons for the differences,this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to make father rearing patterns more scientific and effective.Using the method of group sampling,the fathers of two kindergartens directly under the city and 10 Rural Kindergartens under the town of Zao zhuang were selected as the research objects.A total of 470 samples were collected by questionnaire survey,including 274 in the city and 196 in the countryside.In the process of collecting questionnaires,part of preschool teachers and mothers were selected for interviews to master more comprehensive information and data.According to the results of the questionnaire and interviews,this paper makes a comparative analysis between urban and rural areas from different dimensions.The conclusions are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in children’s gender and father’s education.Specifically:fathers have more warmth and understanding to girls,more punishment and severity,rejection and denial to boys;on the dimension of warmth and understanding,fathers with technical secondary school(or high school)or below score significantly lower than fathers with other degrees.In the preference dimension,the scores of fathers with secondary school(or high school)or lower education background were significantly higher than those with other education background.(2)The difference of parenting style between urban and rural children’s fathers was not significantly affected by children’s gender and age.(3)There are significant differences in the dimensions of warmth and understanding and excessive interference between urban and rural children’s fathers.Urban children’s fathers have more warmth and understanding and excessive interference than rural children’s fathers.(4)There are significant differences in punishment,severity and preference between urban and rural fathers.Rural fathers have more punishment,severity and preference than urban fathers.更多还原