【作者】 李颖；

【导师】 宋宝萍；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】以STEAM教育理论为基础

【摘要】 新一轮产业革命陆续展开,新经济发展形势方兴未艾,社会需要高新技术人才为时代发展做贡献。而随着产业变革不断深入,工科学生不仅要具备深厚的科学基础,而且要有较强的工程实践能力。高等教育领域提出新工科建设以应对时代的要求,新工科建设明确提出应当培养出具备更高工程实践能力、创新能力的人才。因此在新经济的时代大背景下高校注重工科学生工程实践能力的培养显得尤为重要。本文将工程实践能力置于新经济的时代背景下进行研究,对工程实践能力的内涵作了进一步明晰,对工程实践能力与实际操作能力、学术理论素养进行了辨析,对其理念的异同之处进行了讨论。STEAM教育作为新型教育理论,对工科人才的培养具有借鉴作用。本文基于STEAM教育理论,综合运用文献研究法、层次分析法设计了工科学生工程实践能力与其影响因素的指标体系。经过实证调查得出当前工科学生工程实践能力的现状:项目设计能力方面表现为逻辑思考能力较强,自主设计能力较弱;塑造未来的能力方面表现为理论功底扎实,跨学科与创新能力不足;团队合作能力方面表现为合群意识较高,表达能力较为欠缺。在现状总结与影响因素回归分析的基础上,总结了工程实践能力培养中存在的问题:项目数量少并且难度较高;学生实际主动性与影响因素模型存在差距;学生跨学科素养与人文素养较弱;理论知识缺乏实际操练。分析了存在问题的原因:一是学校对工程教育缺乏重视,教师指导有限;二是学生自我指导能力较弱,习惯性思维占主导;三是课程设置多为具体科目,忽视跨学科与人文素养的渗透;四是实践教学偏向程式化,校企合作流于表面。针对这些问题,提出了相应对策与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 A new round of industrial revolution is unfolding,and the economic situation of new technology and the new model are in the ascendant.It is urgent to train a large number of engineering talents to break through the core key technologies and build up the first-mover advantage,which will occupy the strategic commanding heights in the global innovation ecosystem.In the field of higher education,New Engineering are proposed to meet the requirements of the new era.The construction of New Engineering clearly points out that talents with higher engineering practice ability and innovation ability should be trained.Therefore,students should not only have a profound scientific foundation,but also have strong engineering practice ability.It is particularly important for school to pay attention to the cultivation of students’ engineering practice ability under the background of the new economy.In this paper,the engineering practice ability is studied under the background of New Engineering,the connotation of engineering practice ability is further clarified,the engineering practice ability,practical operation ability and academic theory literacy are discriminated,and the similarities and differences are discussed.As a new educational concept STEAM education theory can be used for reference in the training of Engineering talents.Based on STEAM education theory,an index system of Engineering students’ engineering practice ability was designed through using the method of documentary analysis and analytic hierarchy process.Through the empirical investigation,the present situation is concluded: the ability of project operation is characterized by strong logical thinking ability and weak independent design ability;the ability of shaping the future is characterized by solid theoretical foundation,insufficient interdisciplinary and innovative ability;and the ability of team cooperation is characterized by high sense of community and lack of expressive ability.On the basis of summarizing the current situation and regression analysis of influencing factors,four aspects of cultivating engineering practical ability are summarized: firstly,there are limitations in scientific research projects and few frontier topics;secondly,students are lack of self-guiding ideas and weak in awareness of raising problems;thirdly,curriculum design is mostly specific subjects,and ignoring the infiltration of interdisciplinary and humanistic literacy;lastly,practice teaching bias program,and school-enterprise cooperation is superficial.In view of the problems existing in the process of cultivation,some suggestions and countermeasures are proposed.更多还原