【作者】 王健；

【导师】 徐朝鹏； 甄西合；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 太阳能是一种能供人类大规模利用的可再生能源。目前商用的太阳能电池主要为硅基太阳能电池。然而,硅基光伏器件现在面临的主要挑战是硅材料对于太阳光来说不是强吸收体,提高硅吸收层的光吸收是实现高效率硅基太阳能电池的关键。电介质亚波长结构具有特殊的光学特性,通过局部共振模式和波导共振模式将太阳光耦合到光伏器件的活性区,从而提高太阳能的利用率,因此在硅上表面制备基于电介质材料的亚波长结构成为当前的研究热点。本文利用基于有限元分析的Comsol Multiphysics耦合软件仿真计算了二氧化钛（TiO₂）球形纳结构阵列对于太阳能电池性能的影响,然后利用Matlab编程软件对仿真数据进行后处理,得到理想光电转换效率。并依据仿真设计优化结果,制备了具有TiO₂球形纳结构阵列的硅基太阳能电池,并对其进行光伏性能的测试。首先,介绍了纳结构陷光增效的基本原理,提出球形纳结构阵列设计的基本设想,并确定以TiO₂为纳米球材料,为后续的TiO₂球形纳结构阵列的硅基太阳能电池制备进行指导。其次,利用Comsol Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件以单晶硅为衬底,在硅上表面设计排布了不同直径、直径间距比、超半球形TiO₂纳米球阵列的模型,计算AM1.5光源下,模型的反射率、透射率、吸收率等指标,然后基于计算得到的吸收率数据,利用Matlab软件编程计算了上述结构的光电转换效率,并与无陷光结构的硅基太阳能电池作比较。再次,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂纳米球,通过调整钛酸四丁酯在乙二醇中的含量、前驱体和丙酮的比例、陈化时间等,制备出分散性良好,粒径均一的TiO₂纳米球。最后,通过油水自组装的方法将制备好的TiO₂纳米球排布于晶硅太阳能电池表面,制备出基于TiO₂球形纳结构阵列的晶硅太阳能电池并对其电池性能进行测试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar energy is a renewable energy which can be used on a large scale.Currently,commercial solar cells are mainly silicon-based,however,the main challenge to silicon-based photovoltaic devices is that silicon materials are not strong absorbers for sunlight.Therefore,improvement for the light absorption of silicon absorption layer is the key to realize high efficiency silicon-based solar cells.The dielectric sub-wavelength structure has special optical properties,and the utilization rate of solar energy can be improved by coupling the sunlight to the active region of photovoltaic devices through local resonance mode and waveguide resonance mode.Therefore,the preparation of sub-wavelength structure based on dielectric materials on the upper surface of silicon has become a current research hotspot.In this paper,the effect of titanium dioxide（TiO₂）spherical nanostructure array on the performance of solar cells is simulated by using the coupling software of Comsol Multiphysics based on finite element analysis,and then the simulation data is processed by Matlab programming software to obtain the photovoltaic performance parameters.Finally,the silicon-based solar cells with TiO₂ spherical nano-array structures are prepared and tested for photovoltaic performance according to the simulation design.Firstly,the basic principle of nanostructure trapping efficiency is introduced,the basic idea of the design of spherical nanostructure array is proposed,and TiO₂ is determined as the material of nanosphere,which will guide the preparation of silicon-based solar cells with TiO₂ spherical nano-array structure.Secondly,using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software,models of different diameters,diameter-to-pitch ratio and super-hemispherical TiO₂ nanosphere array on the surface of silicon base are designed with crystalline silicon as substrates.The reflectivity,transmittance and absorptivity of the models are calculated under AM1.5 as the light source.Then,based on the calculated absorption data,the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of the above structures are calculated by Matlab software,and compared with the silicon-based solar cell without the trapping structure.Thirdly,TiO₂ nanospheres are prepared by sol-gel method,and the TiO₂ nanospheres with good dispersibility and uniform particle size are prepared by adjusting the content of tetrabutyl titanate in ethylene glycol,the ratio of precursor to acetone,aging time,etc.Finally,the TiO₂ nanospheres are arranged on the surface of crystalline silicon solar cells by oil-water self-assembly method.The crystalline silicon solar cells based on TiO₂nanosphere array are prepared and tested for the battery performance.更多还原