【作者】 王鑫；

【导师】 张小山；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 社会工作， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来我国空巢高知老人的规模逐年上升,很多老人都存在失落、孤独、无用感等消极情绪,对老年人的身心健康和日常生活都带来负面的影响。本研究尝试从社会工作的角度出发,在认知行为疗法的指导下,通过开展个案服务探索解决高知老人消极问题的有效途径。本文以武汉市W福利院某一高知老人为例,采用观察法、访谈法等对案主的消极情绪问题进行资料收集,发现案主的消极情绪问题主要是由案主对意外事件致残的非理性信念引起的,进而导致案主的消极情绪和消极行为。在研究中以认知行为疗法为理论指导,注重解决问题与发挥案主潜能相结合,主要从认知、行为、情绪三个方面开展实务工作,取得了较好的成效。认知层面,使用直接提问、合理情绪想象等技巧改变案主的非理性认知,在根本上阻断案主消极情绪的来源;行为层面,通过增加案主的社交活动和发展案主的个人特长两方面改善案主目前的消极行为,进而提升案主的自我效能感;情绪层面,以自评和他评的方式引导案主看到自身的优点,加强对自身能力的肯定,增加案主的积极情绪体验。通过评估得出相关结论:认知行为疗法对于改善高知老人的消极情绪问题有显著作用,案主的消极情绪在生活中明显减少,积极情绪体验得到有效增加。最后,本研究试图建立“认知-行为-情绪”的三位一体介入模型为后来的研究者提供借鉴和思考,在实务中反思建立良好的专业关系在干预高知老人问题中的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the scale of the empty-nest elderly with high knowledge has been increasing year by year.Many elderly people have negative emotions such as loss,loneliness and uselessness,which have a negative impact on their physical and mental health and daily life.From the perspective of social work and under the guidance of cognitive behavioral therapy,this study attempts to explore effective ways to solve the negative problems of the highly-educated elderly through case service.This study take a higher-education old woman in W Welfare House in Wuhan as an example,collects data on the negative emotional problems of the case-holder by observing and interviewing,and finds that the negative emotional problems of the client are mainly caused by the irrational belief that the client is disabled by the accident,which leads to the negative emotions and behaviors of the client.In the study,under the theoretical guidance of cognitive behavioral therapy,attention is paid to the combination of problem solving and the potential of the client.Practical work is mainly carried out from three aspects of cognition,behavior and emotion,and good results have been achieved.At the cognitive level,the use of direct questioning,rational emotional imagination and other techniques to change the irrational cognition of the client,fundamentally blocking the source of the negative emotions;at the behavioral level,through increasing the social activities of the client and developing the personal expertise,improve the current negative behavior,thereby enhancing the self-efficacy of the client;at the emotional level,Guiding the client to see their own advantages by self-evaluation and other evaluation,strengthen the affirmation of their ability,and increase the positive emotional experience of the client.Relevant conclusions are drawn through the evaluation: Cognitive behavioral therapy has a significant effect on improving the negative emotional problems of the higher-education elderly,the negative emotions of the client are obviously reduced in life,and the positive emotional experience is effectively increased.Finally,this study attempts to establish a "cognitive-behavioral-emotional" intervention model for future researchers to provide reference and reflection,reflect on the importance of establishing good professional relations in the intervention of the higher-education elderly with high knowledge in practice.更多还原