【作者】 王晓华；

【导师】 段华波；

【作者基本信息】 深圳大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】基于深圳、郑州、南昌的实证研究

【摘要】 随着我国城镇化进程持续稳定推进,诸多城市正面临着日益严峻的资源与环境问题。其中,城市更新改造活动中大规模的建筑物拆除所产生的拆除废弃物问题尤为突出。目前这类拆除废弃物多以简易堆填为主,资源化利用程度和水平较低,并且存在较大的安全和环境隐患。为优化建筑废弃物(建筑垃圾)的环境管理并提高其资源化利用效率,促进城市可持续建设与发展,本研究将从城市层面对城市更新改造背景下拆除废弃物的产生量进行估算和预测,并重点从城中村改造的角度系统分析拆除废弃物的产生特性和管理特征。本论文首先选取了具有不同经济发展水平和地域特征的3个大中城市(深圳、南昌和郑州)为研究对象,并基于客观条件对部分城中村改造项目进行合理筛选与跟踪调研,通过实地采样和数据分析处理,形成了拆除废弃物的基础数据清单。研究结果表明:不同城市城中村拆除废弃物在单位产废率、材料组成等方面均存在显著差异。其中,深圳市城中村拆除废弃物单位产废率最高,平均达到1,450kg/m~2;郑州市略低,平均为1,150kg/m~2;而南昌市拆除废弃物的产废率相对最低,但也达到了约991kg/m~2。其差异主要是由于城中村建筑物结构类型不同所造成,如深圳市和郑州市城中村建筑以砖混结构为主,而南昌市则以砖木结构为主。其次,基于产废率数据并结合这3个城市更新改造规划数据,本文提出了城市尺度城市更新项目拆除废弃物的产生量测度方法并进行了估算与分析。结果表明所选取的3个城市近年来城中村的拆除废弃物产生量由于更新改造速度的不同,呈现出明显差异,但均保持较快增长。其中深圳市土地资源十分紧张且近年来新规划的旧改项目较为集中,增长速度最快,城中村拆除废弃物产生量从2013年的744万吨增长到2016年的1,203万吨;郑州市城市更新实际上也较活跃,城中村拆除废弃物产生量于2014年达到最高(162万吨),但近两年由于改造规模缩小且速度放缓,2016年城中村拆除废弃物数量仅为51万吨;南昌市由于2013年才开始进行大规模棚户区改造,近年来增长速度较快,2016年拆除废弃物量达到433万吨。此外,通过对拆除废弃物的流向管理进行跟踪调研及分析表明,3个城市城中村拆除废弃物中金属材料的回收率都相对较高(接近100%);其次是木材和塑料类建筑材料(平均约为30%);砖石混凝土等回收率则较低,深圳市约为13%,郑州市约为5%;由于南昌市在城中村拆除阶段对于砖块仍沿用人工回收的方式,因此青砖和红砖回收率相对较高,平均回收率约40%。最后,基于拆除废弃物的资源化回收及其处理处置阶段的投入产出调研数据,本研究还对促进拆除废弃物资源化回收利用所潜在的环境效益进行了初步评估,其中以碳排放为评价指标,结果表明提高拆除废弃物资源化利用效率和水平,可产生显著的环境效益。本论文所获取的拆除废弃物一手资料以及创建的测度方法可为拆除废弃物的系统管理和深化研究提供基础,同时为不同城市制定差异化的拆除废弃物管理政策提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous and steady progress of urbanization in China,many cities face increasingly serious problems of resources and environment.Among them,the problem of demolition waste caused by the large-scale urban renewal and transformation activities is particularly prominent.At present,this kind of demolition waste is mainly simple landfilled with low resource utilization and large safety and environmental risks.In order to optimize the environmental management of demolition waste and improve its resource utilization efficiency,and promote sustainable urban construction and development,this study will estimate and forecast the amount of waste removal under the background of urban renewal and transformation,and focus on the systematic analysis of waste removal from the perspective of urban village reconstruction.The characteristics and management characteristics of abandoned objects.Firstly,three large and medium-sized cities(Shenzhen,Nanchang and Zhengzhou)with different levels of economic development and regional characteristics were selected as the research objects.Based on objective conditions,reasonable selection and follow-up investigation were carried out on some urban village reconstruction projects.Through field sampling and data analysis,list of data of waste removal was formed..The results show that there are significant differences in the unit production and waste rate,material composition and so on.Among them,Shenzhen City Village demolition waste unit production rate is the highest,an average of 1,450 kg/m2;Zhengzhou City slightly lower,an average of 1,150 kg/m2;and Nanchang City demolition waste production rate is relatively low,but also reached about 970 kg/m2.It is mainly due to the differences in the types of urban village buildings,such as Shenzhen and Zhengzhou urban village buildings are mainly brickconcrete structure,while Nanchang is mainly brick-wood structure.Secondly,based on the production and waste rate data and combined with the three urban renewal planning data,this paper constructs the urban scale urban renewal project waste generation measurement model and estimates and analyzes.The results show that in recent years,the amount of demolition waste produced by the three selected urban villages is obviously different because of the different speed of renovation,but all of them keep a rapid growth.Among them,Shenzhen is very short of land resources and the old reform projects planned in recent years are more centralized and the growth rate is the fastest.The amount of waste removal in urban villages has increased from 7.44 million tons in 2013 to 12.3 million tons in 2016.The urban renewal in Zhengzhou is actually more active,and the amount of waste removal in urban villages has reached the highest level in 2014.(1.62 million tons),but in the past two years due to the scale of the transformation reduced and the rate of slowing down,the number of urban villages in 2016 only 510,000 tons of waste removal;Nanchang,due to the large-scale shantytown transformation began in 2013,in recent years the growth rate is faster,the amount of waste removal in 2016 reached 4.33 million tons.In addition,through the follow-up investigation and analysis of the flow direction management of the demolition waste,the results show that the recovery rates of metal materials in the demolition waste of the three urban villages are relatively high(nearly 100%),followed by timber and plastic building materials(about 30% on average);the recovery rates of masonry concrete and other low,Shenzhen and Zhengzhou.About 5% of the city;Nanchang is still using artificial brick recovery in the demolition stage of the village in the city,so the recovery rate of green and red bricks is relatively high,with an average recovery rate of about 40%.Finally,based on the input-output data of the recycling and disposal stages of the dismantled wastes,the potential environmental benefits of promoting the recycling and utilization of the dismantled wastes were preliminarily evaluated.The carbon emissions were taken as the evaluation index,and the results showed that the efficiency of the dismantled wastes recycling and water utilization were improved.It can produce significant environmental benefits.The first-hand data obtained in this paper and the established measurement methods can provide a basis for the systematic management and further research of waste removal,and provide a reference for different cities to formulate different policies for waste removal management.更多还原