【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 李学英；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 土木工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 该研究探讨了三种不同的发泡剂（Al粉、H₂O₂和植物发泡剂）对地质聚合物的孔结构、强度、导热和耐火性能的影响。为了满足施工性能,首先通过改变地质聚合物的成分组成、制备工艺对地质聚合物的凝结时间进行探究。得到与发泡剂匹配度较高的配方后再进行多孔地质聚合物的制备,并对其机械性能进行研究。选取性能良好的试件组进行内部孔结构的观察以及导热性能的测量。最后将所制备的地质聚合物进行耐火性测试,对经过高温处理的试件进行取样进行XRD微观测量,找寻地质聚合物宏观性能变化的根本原因。主要研究结果如下:（1）地质聚合物的凝结时间的主要影响因素有激发剂的温度、激发剂的碱度、水量以及外掺粉料,其中激发剂温度和碱度对凝结时间的影响较大,通过试验可以将地质聚合物的初凝时间和终凝时间分别控制在10min³25min和25min⁴25min,7d强度在15.6M P²4.3M Pa。（2）制备出Al粉掺量范围为0.00%⁰.09%和H₂O₂掺量范围为0.00%至0.70%的发泡地质聚合物。随着发泡剂的掺量的逐渐增加,地质聚合物试件的抗折强度和抗压强度逐渐减小,0.09%铝粉和0.7%双氧水的地质聚合物的28d抗折和抗压强度分别降低至1.9MPa、19.9MPa和1.8MPa和10.4MPa。（3）植物发泡剂分别以30倍稀释和20倍稀释原液的方式使用,经过测试发现对地质聚合物的质量减轻作用较低,平均质量最大可以下降14.25%,平均强度最大可以下降10.73%,相比于化学发泡方式,其对地质聚合物减轻质量作用效果较小。（4）通过对多种多孔地质聚合物内部孔结构的测定,Al粉和H₂O₂的掺入使得基体内50μm-500μm孔结构的数量迅速增加,随着掺量的逐渐增加,Al粉的掺入引入超过500μm孔结构的数量要多于H₂O₂组,其中0.09%Al粉掺量和0.70%H₂O₂掺量组都可以观察到超过1000μm的孔结构。使用植物发泡剂发泡所引入大于50μm的孔结构的数量极少。（5）探究发泡地质聚合物的导热性能实验中,随着发泡剂掺量的增加,发泡地质聚合物的导热系数逐渐降低,0.09%Al粉掺量时达到最低,平均导热系数为0.4979W/m/K,H₂O₂掺量为0.6%时达到最低为0.099 W/m/K。植物发泡剂组随着泡沫掺入体积的增加,导热系数减小,最低时到达0.978 W/m/K。（6）当温度达到800℃时,地质聚合物内无定形的半晶体结构开始结晶化,XRD图像各处开始出现衍射强度较大的特征峰,2θ处于26°到35°和20°到25°和35°到50°的Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃和CaCO₃的特征峰在800℃XRD图像上会集中出现,并随着温度升高至1000℃时,这些特征峰的强度继续增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article explores the setting time of geopolymers by adding three different blowing agents（Al powder,H₂O₂ and plant blowing agent）to the geopolymer to change the composition and preparation process of the geopolymer.After obtaining a formulation with a high degree of co mpatibility with the blowing agent,the preparation of the porous geopolymer was carried out,and the mechanical properties thereof were studied.A set of test pieces with good performance was selected for observation of the internal pore structure and measurement of thermal conductivity.Finally,the prepared geopolymers were tested for fire resistance according to the specifications,and the appearance and strength changes were recorded.The samples subjected to high temperature treatment were sampled for XRD microscopic measurement to find the root cause of the macroscopic properties of the geopolymer.（1）The main influencing factors of the coagulation time of the geopolymer are the temperature of the activator,the alkalinity of the activator,the amount of water,and the externally mixed powder.The temperature of the activator and the alkalinity have a great influence on the setting time.The test can control the initial setting time and final setting time of the geopolymer to 10min³25min and 25min⁴25min respectively,and the 7d intensity is 15.6M P²4.3M Pa.（2）A foaming geopolymer havin g an Al powder content ranging from 0.00%to0.09%and a H₂O₂ content ranging from 0.00%to 0.70%is prepared.With the increasing amount of foaming agent,the flexural strength and compressive strength of geological polymer specimens gradually decreased.The 28d flexural strength and compressive strength of geopolymers without foaming agent were respectively The 28d flexural strength and compressive strength of 3.5MPa and 31.7M Pa,0.09%Al powdered geopolymers were 1.9M Pa and 19.9M Pa,respectively.The 28d flexural strength and compressive strength of 0.7%H₂O₂ geopolymer were respectively It is 1.8M Pa and 10.4 M Pa.（3）The plant foaming agent is used in the manner of 30-fold dilution and 20-fold dilution of the stock solution.After testing,it is found t hat the quality of the geopolymer is reduced,the average mass can be reduced by 14.25%,and the average intensity can be reduced by 10.73%.Compared with the chemical foaming method,it has a poor effect on the quality reduction of geopolymers.（4）Through the observation and statistics of the internal pore structure of various porous geopolymers,the pore structure inside the geopolymer can be roughly classified into four types according to the shape and size:50μm-500μm aperture circular macro hole,500μm-800μm aperture circular macro hole,1000μm long diameter elliptical macro hole and giant pore structure larger than 1000μm diameter.Among the porous geopolymers foamed with Al powder and H₂O₂,the above pore structure can be clearly observed,and the above pore structure cannot be clearly observed by the plant foaming agent geopolymer.（5）The thermal conductivity is the lowest when 0.09%Al powder is added,the average thermal conductivity is 0.4979W/m/K,and the lowest is 0.099 W/m/K when the H2O2 content is 0.6%,and the plant foaming agent group is reduced less.At t he lowest,it reaches 0.978 W/m/K.（6）When the temperature reaches 800°C,the rate of transformation of the amorphous gel inside the crystal to the crystal will increase,and the characteristic peak with large diffraction intensity will appear everywhere in the image.The characteristic peaks of Fe₂O₃,Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃.更多还原