【作者】 高原；

【导师】 杨钢；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 充分合理地利用自然采光是建筑节能技术最重要的手段之一,而太阳能的利用、采光设计、节能窗设计、照明设计、视觉舒适与眩光评估等均与室外自然光环境即天空亮度分布及色温密切相关。建筑师解决这些问题的传统手段通常是应用软件模拟,软件模拟虽便捷实用,但实际影响室内光环境的因素较多,软件模拟结果的准确度还需实验验证。室外自然光环境(包括室外天空亮度分布和色温变化)瞬息万变,无法获得稳定、可重复的室外自然光环境,这就意味着通过实际天空亮度的观测来验证计算机模拟的准确性也就无法实现。因此,应用人工天穹系统模拟实验验证具有无可替代性,故世界各国的建筑科学实验室都相继的建立更先进、更庞大、更稳定的人工天穹系统。本文根据CIE天空亮度分布的基础理论,通过精确设置LED光源的位置和亮度水平实现了对CIE15种天空亮度分布(包括晴天,阴天和中间天空)的准确模拟。同时结合LED光源的特性分析,对应用LED光源设计建造的人工天穹系统进行亮度误差分析和实验应用研究,使其更好地应用于建筑采光科研领域。本文通过对以往人工天穹系统所应用的光源和模拟情况进行分析研究,应用LED光源设计直径为15米的人工天穹模拟系统。由于系统直径较大、应用光源数量较多,故对设计所需的2078盏LED光源进行抽样分析,得出光源调控刻度与光源亮度的回归曲线。同时根据天空亮度分布理论确定光源的安装位置和系统调控方式,在确定光源安装位置和调控方式后,依据光源亮度回归的数学模型同时结合CIE天空亮度分布理论设计人工天穹系统。以此,应用LED光源通过计算机软件编程,终端无线调控实现了对15种CIE天空亮度分布的模拟。在上述设计的基础上,本文结合相对误差理论对人工天穹系统模拟的天空亮度分布情况进行亮度误差分析和校准,给出人工天穹系统模拟每种CIE天空亮度分布的相对误差。与此同时,对人工天穹系统的实验模型应用进行研究,通过对不同空间尺度亮度均匀度的测定和分析,得出应用天穹系统实验时不同尺度模型的实验系统误差。研究结果以期为日后人工天穹系统应用于采光实验的科学研究提供理论依据,为今后人工天穹系统的设计提供技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Making full and rational use of natural light is the most effective means of building energy saving technology.The environment of natural light,which is represented by sky brightness distribution and color temperature,is closely related to the utilization of solar energy,lighting calculation,the design of energy-saving window and lighting,the evaluation of visual comfort and glare.Software simulations are offen used by architects to solve these problems.And because there are many facter affecting indoor light environment,the accuracy of these simulations needs to be verified by experiments.And the stable and repeatable natural light environment are difficult to obtain because of It rapidly change,this means that the accuracy of the Software simulation cannot be verified by observing the actual sky brightness.Therefore,the use of Artifical Sky System simulation is irreplaceable,so the world’s architectural science laboratories have successively established a more advanced,larger,more stable artificial sky system.Based on the basic theory of CIE sky luminance distribution,this paper realizes the accurate simulation of CIE15 sky luminance distribution(including sunny,cloudy and middle sky)by precisely setting the position and luminance level of LED light source.At the same time,combined with the characteristic analysis of LED light source,the luminance error analysis and experimental application of artificial sky system designed and constructed by LED light source are studied,so that it is better applied in the field of building lighting research.In this paper,from the point of view of the application of light source,through the analysis and study of the light source and simulation used in the previous artificial Sky system,the first application of LED light source to design an artificial sky simulation system with a diameter of 15 meters.Because of the large diameter of the system and the large number of light sources used,the 2078 LED light sources required for the design are sampled and analyzed,and the regression curves of the light source regulating scale and the luminance of the light source are obtained.At the same time,according to the theory of sky luminance distribution,the installation position and system Regulation mode of light source are determined,and after determining the installation position and control mode of light source,the artificial sky system is designed according to the mathematical model of light source luminance regression and the theory of CIE sky luminance distribution.In this way,the application of LED light source through computer software programming,terminal wireless regulation to achieve 15 kinds of CIE sky luminance distribution simulation.On the basis of the above design,this paper analyzes and calibrates the luminance error of the simulated sky luminance distribution of the artificial sky system in combination with the relative error theory,and the final results show that the artificial sky system simulates the relative error of the luminance distribution of each CIE sky.At the same time,the application of the experimental model of the artificial Sky system is studied,and through the determination and analysis of the luminance uniformity of different spatial scales,the error of the experimental system of different scale models using the Sky System experiment is obtained.The results provide a theoretical basis for the future application of artificial sky system in the study of lighting experiments,and provide technical reference for the design of artificial sky system in the future.更多还原