【作者】 李景凯；

【导师】 薛滨夏；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 风景园林（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】以哈尔滨工业大学为例

【摘要】 大学校园景观不仅是客观存在的环境,更是精神文化的存在。如今高校校园逐步开放,校园景观给师生及校园过客不仅仅提供身体感官上的愉悦,更丰富了大家的精神生活,是课堂教育的拓展与延伸,是地域文化及校园精神的传播途径。在新形势下,传统的校园景观设计并不能充分满足日益进步的现代人感官及精神需求。景观设计也应该与时俱进,在景观设计的同时,结合微气候相关内容,进行科学合理的设计,以达到最符合使用者行为模式、心理习惯的理想状态。东北严寒地区气候有其特殊性,植被,水体等情况较为特殊。东北严寒地区的景观空间有其特有的特征,其景观微气候也不同,不同的微气候会给使用者带来不同的生理及心理感受。基于微气候的改善,来设计高校景观,既是当前新形势下新技术,新方法的体现,也使得景观更加优质,更加符合使用者的精神和生理需求。在景观塑造过程中,综合考虑地域特色,校园文化,也要考虑微气候及其给人带来的身心感受。高校校园景观营造出的良好的微气候,可以为高校校园物质文明建设和精神文明建设增光添彩,具有重要意义。本研究以哈尔滨典型气候特征为基础,研究哈尔滨高校景观微气候特征,选取哈尔滨典型的高校校园,哈尔滨工业大学校园景观为研究对象进行研究,又选取哈尔滨高校景观微气候影响因素为研究对象,对高校景观微气候进行研究。本论文在基础研究方面采用实地调研,拍摄实景照片和问卷调查,调查使用者的舒适度两个方面进行研究。在实测研究方面选取合理的校园景观及合理的实测研究测点,对高校景观微气候各因子进行实测。并对实地调研实景照片进行归纳整理分析,对调查问卷进行数据处理,对实测研究数据采用数据处理软件进行数据的归纳整理。旨在提出基于微气候改善的哈尔滨高校景观设计策略。在分析哈尔滨气候特征的基础上,探讨寒地高校景观设计的特征和寒地高校景观的微气候条件。论文从寒地高校景观空间构成要素,道路空间分析,边界空间分析,区域特色分析,空间节点分析,空间标志物分析等六个方面阐述寒地高校景观的空间特征,并探讨其影响因素和季节变化特点。总结出寒地高校景观中温度、风速、光强和湿度等微气候因子主要受植被、地表结构和场地水体等构成因素的影响。通过对实地调研、拍摄实景照片、问卷调查、调查使用者的舒适度、选取合理的校园景观及合理的实测研究测点进行气候各因子实测等结果的分析。得到了三个校区、12个测点的温度、湿度、风速和光强的变化趋势,探讨了植被、水体和铺装结构等因素对寒地高校微气候的影响机制。在实地调研、拍摄实景照片、问卷调查和实地检测结果的基础上,提出对哈尔滨高校景观进行优化设计的整体策略。首先,除了考虑到景观设计营造出的艺术效果之外,还要从多方面考虑人与自然达到和谐的状态,形成可持续发展的景观模式。其次,充分考虑使用者的感受,为高校的使用人群,即在校的大学生、教职工、来访者和附近居民提供更好的服务。第三,在充分利用寒地气候特征的条件下,通过调节校园景观中的微气候环境,将原有的冬季低温环境转化为特色的有力条件,创造出和谐的校园景观和微气候条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Campus Landscape is not only an objective existence of the environment,but also the existence of spiritual culture.Nowadays,the campus of colleges are gradually opening up.The campus landscape not only provides sensory pleasure to teachers,students and guests,but also enriches everyone’s spiritual life.It is an extension of classroom education.It is also a means of dissemination of regional culture and campus spirit.Under the new situation,the traditional campus landscape design can not fully satisfy the sensory and spiritual needs of the modern people.Landscape design should also be with the times,combining with micro-climate-related content.To achieve the most consistent with the user behavior patterns,the ideal state of psychological habits by using scientific and rational design.Climates in Northeast of China with its own special characteristics,including vegetation,water and other special circumstances.The landscape spatial of the Northeast has its own unique landscape features and micro-climate.And different micro-climate will bring users different physical and psychological feelings.Based on the improvement of microclimate,the design of university landscape is not only the embodiment of new technologies and methods under the new situation,but also makes the landscape more excellent and more in line with the users’ spiritual and physiological needs.In the landscape shaping process,taking into account regional characteristics,campus culture,but also to consider the micro-climate and the feelings it bring to the body and mind.The good micro-climate created by the campus landscape can add luster to the construction of material civilization and spiritual civilization in colleges,which is of great significance.In this study,based on the typical climate characteristics of Harbin,the characteristics of the landscape micro-climate of University in Harbin were studied.The campus landscape of Harbin Institute of Technology was selected as the research object,the influencing factors of the landscape micro-climate was researched.In this paper,the field of basic research using field research,photographs and photographs of real-life surveys to investigate the user’s comfort study in two areas.In the field of actual research,select reasonable campus landscape and reasonable measurement points to measure the micro-climate factors in the landscape of colleges.And real-time photos of field research induction summarized analysis,the questionnaire for data and measured data were processed using processing software.Aiming to put forward the strategy of landscape design of Harbin University based on the improvement of micro-climate.On the basis of analyzing the climatic characteristics of Harbin,this paper discusses the characteristics of the landscape design in cold regions and the micro-climate conditions of the cold landscape in colleges.The paper elaborates the spatial characteristics of landscape in the cold region colleges from six aspects,including the elements of landscape space in the cold region,road space analysis,boundary space analysis,regional characteristics analysis,spatial node analysis.The influencing factors and seasons change characteristics of the above characteristics were also discussed.It is concluded that the micro-climate factors such as temperature,wind speed,light intensity and humidity in the landscape of colleges in cold area are mainly affected by vegetation,surface structure and water factors.Through analysis the result of the field research,shooting real photos,questionnaires,surveys of the user’s comfort and measured the select reasonable campus landscape and reasonable measurement,the changing trends of temperature,humidity,wind speed and light intensity of three campuses area and 12 measuring points were obtained.The influence mechanism of vegetation,water body and pavement structure on micro-climate in cold area was discussed.On the basis of field investigation,shooting real photos,questionnaires and field test results,the author puts forward the overall strategy of optimizing the landscape design of Harbin University.First of all,apart from considering the artistic effect created by landscape design,it is also necessary to consider the state where man and nature reach harmony from many aspects and form a landscape model of sustainable development.Second,give full consideration to the feelings of users,and provide better service to college users,that is,college students,faculty and staff,visitors and nearby residents.Thirdly,under the condition of making fully used of the climatic characteristics of the cold climate,the original low temperature environment in winter can be converted into a advantage characteristic condition by adjusting the micro-climate environment in the campus landscape to create a harmonious campus landscape and micro-climate conditions.更多还原