【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 刘群录； 韩玉洁；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 上海作为中国最大的工业城市,经过近几十年的高速发展所带来的重金属累积效应,使土壤中的重金属含量显著增加,污染情况也日趋严重。本研究以上海市蕰川公路沿线、吴泾火电厂和老港垃圾处置场为样点,利用ICP分析了样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数分析了土壤中重金属的污染状况,以便筛选出适宜上海市重金属污染区种植和修复的木本植物。并利用沙培的方法,对几种绿化树种对重金属的耐性以及转移能力进行探究。主要研究结论如下:1、三个样区的重金属含量,As含量最高的地区是蕰川公路,平均含量为58.82 mg/kg,最低的为老港垃圾处置场,含量均值为4.50 mg/kg;Cd含量范围为0.60~2.96 mg/kg,最高的地区是吴泾火电厂;Cr含量最高的地区是蕰川公路,平均含量为219.98mg/kg,最低的为老港垃圾处置场,含量均值为85.32mg/kg;Cu含量范围为29.39~44.61 mg/kg,最高的是老港垃圾处置场;Pb含量最高的地区是蕰川公路,平均含量为86.70 mg/kg,最低的为老港垃圾处置场,含量均值为48.11mg/kg;Zn含量范围为120.13~205.94 mg/kg,含量最高的地区是蕰川公路。2、由单因子污染指数得出,蕰川公路的Cd、As和Cr,吴泾火电厂的Cd,处于中污染级别。从内梅罗综合污染指数看,蕰川公路和吴泾火电厂处于中等污染级别,老港垃圾处置场处于尚清洁级别。由潜在生态危害指数看出,蕰川公路和吴泾火电厂处于重到严重生态危害级别,老港垃圾处置场处于中等危害级别,三个地区生态危害最严重的重金属元素都为Cd。3、通过三样地的绿化树种的重金属含量、富集系数和转移系数的综合分析,筛选出对重金属污染环境有较好适应性并具有较强的重金属富集和转移能力的垂柳(Salix babylonica)、加杨(Populus canadensis)、慈孝竹(Bambusamultiplex)、丝棉木(Euonymus maackii)、紫叶李(Prunus Cerasifera)、蚊母(Distylium racemosum)、结香(Edgeworthia chrysantha.)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、金丝桃(Hypericum monogynum)、黄杨(Buxus sinica)、无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)、悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)、泡桐(Paulownia tomentosa)、海棠(Malus spectabilis)、木芙蓉(Hibiscus mutabilis)、八仙花(Hydrangea macrophylla)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)和桑树(Morus alba L.)等木本植物,可应用于重金属污染区的绿化和对污染的修复。4、将沙培的东方杉(Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomeria fortunei)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、毛梾(Cornus walteri)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)和胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens)用含有不同浓度Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的1/4 Hoagland溶液进行处理。处理浓度分别为1倍和3倍的国家土壤三级标准。这五种木本植物在此浓度重金属处理下均能够正常生长;且处理的生理指标,如MDA含量、相对电导率、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量等与对照相比没有明显差异。而这五种木本植物的根、茎、叶中重金属的含量均随处理液中重金属的浓度的升高而增加,处理组和对照组之间差异性显著。说明这5种植物对Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn具有一定程度的富集能力,对重金属胁迫具有较强的抗性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the largest industrial city in China,Shanghai has developed at high speed in the recent decades.At the same time,heavy metal content in soil increased significantly,and the pollution situation increasingly deteriorated as the cumulative effects of heavy metal in soil.To screen appropriate greening trees for heavy metal polluted area in Shanghai,soil and plant samples were taken from Wenchuan roadside,Wujing thermal power plant and Laogang refuse landfill.The contents of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in plants and soils were analyzed through ICP.And the heavy metal pollution situations of these sites were assessed with single factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index.With sand culture,the heavy metal accumulative and transportation capacity of several wood plants were investigated.The main results are as followed:1.Among the three sample fields,the average content of As of Wenchuan roadside was the maximum;it reached 58.82mg/kg.While that of Laogang was only 4.50mg/kg which was the minimum.The range for Cd was 0.60~2.96mg/kg.In Wujing thermal power plant,the highest Cd concentration was recorded.The Cr concentration of soil samples taken from Wenchuan roadside was the highest;its mean value was 219.98mg/kg.Cr content of Laogang refuse landfill was 85.32mg/kg that was lowest among the three sample fields.The Cu content ranged from 29.39~ 44.61 mg/kg,and the highest was found in Laogang refuse landfill.The Pb concentration of soil in Wenchuan roadside was the highest;the mean value reached 86.70mg/kg.And the lowest Pb concentration was recorded in Laogang refuse landfill;its average value was 48.11mg/kg.The Zn concentration ranged from 120.13~205.94 mg/kg,the highest was found in Wenchuan roadside sample field.2.From the single factor pollution index,it was found that Cd,As and Cr in Wenchuan roadside reached middle pollution level.The Nemerow comprehensive ecological risk index of Wujing thermal power plant and Wenchuan roadside were at middle contamination level.While Laogang refuse landfill was clean.But the potential ecological risk index of Laogang refuse landfill reached middle level,and those of Wenchuan roadside and Wujing thermal power plant were at high level and serious level,respectively.In the three sample fields,Cd has the most severe ecological risk among the six heavy metals.3.After comprehensively analyzing the heavy metal concentration,bioaccumulation factors and translocation factors,the trees that adapted to heavy metal polluted fields and had strong heavy metal enrichment and translocation capacities were selected.They were listed as followed: Salix babylonica,Populus canadensis Moench,Bambusamultiplex,Euonymus maackii,Prunus Cerasifera,Distylium racemosum,Edgeworthia chrysantha.,Lagerstroemia indica,Hypericum monogynum,Buxus sinica,Sapindus mukorossi,Platanus acerifolia,Paulownia tomentosa,Malus spectabilis,Hibiscus mutabilis,Hydrangea macrophylla,Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba.These trees could be used as greening trees and remediation plants in the heavy metal polluted area.4.The sand cultured Taxodium mucronatum × Cryptomeria fortunei,Ligustrum lucidum,Cornus walteri,Pittosporum tobira and Elaeagnus pungens were treated with 1/4 Hoagland solution containing Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn.The low concentration treatment was 1 times of national standard level 3,and the high concentration treatment was 3 times of national standard level 3.All of the 5 tree species could grow normally under the heavy metal treatments.The physiological index,such as MDA content,relative electrical conductivity,soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content,of the 2 treatment had no significant difference compared with the control.While the heavy metal concentration in the roots,stems and leaves of the 5 five tree species increased significantly with heavy metals concentration increasing in the Hoagland solution.The results indicated that the 5 tree species could accumulate Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn to some extent and had relative strong capacity to tolerate heavy metal stress.更多还原