【作者】 杨建华；

【导师】 汪希成；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 农村与区域发展， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城镇化的快速推进,农村劳动力大量向城市转移,“谁来种地”成了当下农业农村亟待解决的问题。四川省是我国十三个粮食主产区之一,不仅是农业大省、人口大省,也是劳动力流出大省,对四川省而言,要确保粮食安全、发展农业现代化,就必须解决农业机械化问题。由于四川省丘陵山地面积占比大,农业机械化的发展存在很大的区域差异,本文通过分析四川省农业机械化的发展情况,构建推进机制框架,针对四川省农业机械化发展的区域差异提出针对性的推进方式。同时本文的创新之处在于构建模糊综合评判模型测算四川省农业机械化所处阶段,和构建四川省农业机械化推进机制框架。通过农机总动力、农机装备水平、农机作业情况这三个指标,分析了四川省农业机械化发展情况。全省的农机总动力呈现逐年上升的趋势,但近年来增幅开始放缓;农机装备结构发生改变,大中型拖拉机及配套农机具数量占比逐渐提高,但水稻插秧机和播种机数量增长仍较慢;机耕面积占比较大且逐年上升,但机播和机收面积占比小,增幅非常缓慢,是农业机械化的短板;全省农作物耕种收综合机械化水平虽然呈现逐年上升趋势,但一直低于全国平均水平,水稻、小麦、玉米、马铃薯、油菜和大豆等主要农作物的机械化水平也低于全国水平。同时得出五大区域的农业机械化发展情况由高到低依次为:成都平原经济区、攀西经济区、川东北经济区、川南经济区、川西北生态经济区。通过构建模糊综合评判模型,得出四川省的农业机械化整体上已经进入中级阶段,五大区域的农业机械化除川西北生态经济区还处于初级阶段,其余四个地区均已进入中级阶段,最接近高级阶段的是成都平原经济区,其次是攀西经济区、川东北经济区、川南经济区和川西北经济区,其中川东北和川南两大地区受丘陵低谷的影响较大,是四川省推进农业机械化的重难点区域。构建四川省农业机械化的推进机制框架,包括推进主体、推进内容和推进方式。推进主体有政府、农机合作组织、农户三类。推进内容包括四个方面:首先是农机研发与技术推广;其次是农机投入补贴;第三是农机社会化服务组织的建立;第四是加快农机主体的培育。推进方式包括理论方式和具体方式,理论方式为政府主导和市场化发展两种。具体方式则由不同地区的情况所决定,针对成都平原经济区采取“市场+合作社”的方式;针对川东北经济区和川南经济区,采取“政府+合作社+农户”的方式;针对攀西经济区和川西北生态经济区,则主要由政府主导,在贫困山区和平坝河谷采取“政府+合作社+农户”的方式,在畜牧山区采取“政府+农户”的方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advancement of Urbanization,the rural labor force has been transferred to the cities in a large amount."Who will plant the land" has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current agricultural and rural areas.Sichuan Province is one of the thirteen major grain producing areas in China.It is not only a big agricultural province,a big population province,but also a big labor outflow province.For Sichuan Province,agricultural mechanization is the urgent problem to be solved in order to ensure food security and develop agricultural modernization.Due to the large proportion of Hilly and mountainous areas in Sichuan Province,there are great regional differences in the development of agricultural mechanization.By analyzing the development of Agricultural Mechanization in Sichuan Province,this paper establishes a framework for promoting mechanism,and puts forward targeted ways to promote regional differences in Agricultural Mechanization Development in Sichuan Province.At the same time,the innovation of this paper is to construct a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to estimate the stage of Agricultural Mechanization in Sichuan Province,and to construct the framework of agricultural mechanization promotion mechanism in Sichuan Province.The development of Agricultural Mechanization in Sichuan Province was analyzed through three indicators: the total power of agricultural machinery,the level of agricultural machinery equipment,and the operation of agricultural machinery.The total power of agricultural machinery in the province shows an upward trend year by year,but in recent years,the growth rate began to slow down;the structure of agricultural machinery and equipment has changed,and the proportion of large and medium tractors and supporting agricultural machinery has gradually increased,but the growth of rice transplanters and Seeders is still slow;in terms of agricultural machinery operation,the proportion of farming area is relatively large and rising year by year,but the area of machine seeding and harvesting is increasing,the proportion is small and the growth rate is very slow,which is the shortcoming of agricultural mechanization.Although the level of comprehensive mechanization of crop cultivation and harvest in the whole province shows an upward trend year by year,it has been lower than the national average level.The level of mechanization of rice,wheat,maize,potato,rape and soybean and other major crops is also lower than the national level.At the same time,through the analysis of the above three indicators,the development of Agricultural Mechanization in the five regions is in turn: Chengdu Plain Economic Zone,Panxi Economic Zone,Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone,South Sichuan Economic Zone,and Northwest Sichuan Ecological Economic Zone.By building a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model,it is concluded that agricultural mechanization in Sichuan Province has entered the intermediate stage as a whole,but there are still five cities(states)in the primary stage.The Agricultural Mechanization in the five regions is still in the primary stage,except for the Northwest Sichuan Eco-economic Zone,the other four regions have entered the intermediate stage,and the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone is the closest to the advanced stage.Then Panxi Economic Zone,Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone,Southern Sichuan Economic Zone and Northwest Sichuan Economic Zone are in turn.Northeast Sichuan and Southern Sichuan are affected by hills and valleys,which are the key and difficult areas to promote agricultural mechanization in Sichuan Province.To construct the framework of agricultural mechanization promotion mechanism in Sichuan Province,including the main body,content and mode of promotion.The main bodies of promotion are the government,agricultural machinery cooperative organizations and peasant households.The promotion includes four aspects: firstly,agricultural machinery research and development and technology promotion;secondly,agricultural machinery input subsidy;thirdly,the establishment of agricultural machinery socialization service organizations;fourthly,accelerating the cultivation of agricultural machinery main body.Promotion mode includes theoretical mode and specific mode,theoretical mode is government-led and market-oriented development.The specific way is decided by the situation of different regions,and the way of "market + cooperative" is adopted for Chengdu Plain Economic Zone,and the way of "government + cooperative + peasant household" is adopted for Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone and South Sichuan Economic Zone.For Panxi Economic Zone and Northwest Sichuan Eco-economic Zone,it is mainly led by the government.In the poverty-stricken mountainous areas and Pingba Valley,the way of "government + cooperative + farmer" is adopted,and in the animal husbandry mountainous areas,the way of "government + farmer" is adopted.更多还原