【作者】 李鹏博；

【导师】 周奇勋； 张举中；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 电动汽车不依赖化石能源、对环境影响小,因此被大力推广具有良好的市场前景。但由于纯电动汽车续驶里程短,且蓄电池比功率低、不能有效的提供峰值功率,严重制约了电动汽车进一步发展。电机再生制动将部分制动能量回收,有效提高能量利用率的同时延长了车辆续驶里程;复合电源系统可以弥补单一蓄电池瞬时大电流充放电能力差的不足,提高整车动力系统性能。在电机电动运行的基础上,深入分析了半桥和全桥两种斩波调制方式下,电机制动回馈过程中功率管的导通和能量流动的状态。采用半桥斩波调制方式和恒转矩回馈模糊控制策略实现了电机的再生制动。分析了车载复合电源系统的结构和工作模式,针对车辆在行驶过程中如何在两种能源之间合理分配需求功率的问题,对蓄电池和超级电容的工作特性和复合电源功率分配策略进行分析,采用了一种功率分配改进模糊控制方法。在Simulink环境下,建立了电机再生制动系统仿真模型,通过仿真验证采用半桥斩波调制和恒转矩回馈模糊控制策略的有效性。使用ADVISOR车辆仿真软件,以丰田Prius车型参数和原EV模型为基础,进行了复合电源系统二次开发。在新标欧洲循环测试工况下,通过仿真对比验证改进后的控制策略不仅能有效提高能量回馈效率、增加车辆续驶里程,而且提升了整车动力性能。根据控制系统的功能需求,设计了硬件电路和软件程序。控制器软件结构采用“主程序循环+中断”的方式实现了实验车型的再生制动。研制了实验车型制动系统,开发了 LabVIEW上位机监测平台,为驾驶员提供实验车型的控制系统运行状态参考信息。针对通信过程中因数据传输信息量大、传输速率高而导致数据丢失、解包处理不及时等问题,提出了一种上位机并行接收处理数据的通信方法。最后通过对实验车型测试,验证了设计的合理性,为电动汽车制动系统后续研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric vehicles do not rely on fossil energy and have little impact on the environment,so they have been promoted with good market prospects.However,due to the short driving mileage,low specific power of batteries and ineffective peak power for vehicles,high current discharge will lead to a serious decline in its performance,which restricts the further development of electric vehicles.Regenerative braking of motor will recover part of braking energy,effectively improve energy utilization and extend vehicle driving mileage.Compound power supply system can make up for the shortcomings of single batteries with poor instantaneous high current charging and discharging ability,and improve the performance of vehicle power system.On the basis of electric motor operation,the state of power transistor conduction and energy flow during motor braking feedback under half-bridge and full-bridge chopper modulation modes is analyzed in depth.The regenerative braking of the motor is realized by using half-bridge chopper modulation and constant torque feedback fuzzy control strategy.The structure and working mode of the vehicle-mounted composite power system are analyzed.Aiming at the problem of how to distribute the required power reasonably between two kinds of energy sources,the working characteristics of storage battery and supercapacitor and the power distribution strategy of compound power supply are analyzed,and an improved fuzzy control method of power distribution is adopted.In the Simulink environment,the simulation model of the motor regenerative braking system is established.The simulation proves that the half-bridge chopping modulation method and the constant torque fuzzy control can effectively realize the braking feedback.Using ADVISOR vehicle simulation software,based on the Toyota Prius model parameters andi the original EV model,the secondary development of the composite power supply system is carried out.Under the new European cycle test conditions,the simulation results show that the improved control strategy can not only effectively improve the energy feedback efficiency,increase the vehicle mileage,but also improve the vehicle power performance.According to the functional requirements of the control system,the hardware circuit and software program are designed.The software structure of the controller adopts the way of"main program circulation + interruption,,to realize the regenerative braking of the experimental vehicle.The braking system of the experimental vehicle is developed,and the monitoring platform of Lab VIEW upper computer is developed,which provides the driver with the reference information of the control system of the experimental vehicle.Aiming at the problems of data loss and not timely unpacking processing due to large amount of data transmission and high speed requirements during communication,a communication method for parallel processing of data received by the host computer is proposed.Finally,the rationality of the design is verified by the test of the experimental vehicle,which lays a foundation for the follow-up study of the braking system of electric vehicle.更多还原