【作者】 汪星；

【导师】 王鉴非；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着近年来我国法治国家的发展,国家对建立科学有效的法律体系越来越重视,人民享有的各项权利也在立法和现实中一一落实,中国作为世界排名第一的人口大国,坐拥5.23亿具有劳动能力的农民,而随着城乡一体化的发展,大量的青壮年劳动力放弃种地务农,进入城市打工讨生活,乡村当中的妇女劳动力们渐渐成为农地耕种的主力军,承担起了繁重的农耕生产责任。但是在实际生活之中,他们的土地权利却因为法律保障的缺失,重男轻女的村规民约,传统思想观念的束缚,甚至是维权无门的司法漏洞,而被村集体和自己的家庭肆意侵害。而随着我国越来越全面的城乡规划,国家对于农村土地的征收征用情况也较以往来说更加地频繁,这样一来,人地关系的日趋紧张进一步加深土地矛盾的恶性发展,导致妇女土地权益被侵害的情况更加严重。我国农村妇女土地权益问题是非常典型的复合型难题,目前已经成为法学、社会学、农业学、妇女研究等各个学科领域进行研究的焦点,土地问题不仅关系着农村女妇女自身的生产生活,更加关系到民生民情。全国妇联给出了这样的数据:2010年全国妇统共接受此类信访事项的数量达11858件次,同比上升了25.8%。(1)这个数据说明,随着我国农村妇女维权意识的提高,以及司法救济途径的多样化发展,妇女的土地权益问题慢慢地从底层浮出水面,暴露出来,如果不能够及时采取有效的手段解决问题,那么民声民情会渐渐呈鼎沸之势,该问题会逐渐成为影响社会和谐的不利因素和严重隐患。《农村土地承包法》的修改历经四年的时间,从草案到现在已经施行的正文,都透露出对女性土地承包权益的重视和维护,随着该法的出台与施行,标志我国已经开始重视从立法下手,从根源出发,解决当前各种侵害妇女土地承包经营权的问题。这也表明政府在解决该问题的思路上有了长足的进步,但实际的效果到底如何,还需要结合理论和实际两个方面进行综合判断。与此同时,妇女们的宅基地使用权和集体经济收益分配权、征地补偿收益分配权等其他土地权利与土地承包经营权一脉同源,因此,《农村土地承包法》中关于保障妇女土地承包经营权的条款势必会给权利束中的其他各项权利带来积极的影响和指导意义。因此,本文以目前炙手可热的《农村土地承包法》为背景出发,结合该法中对妇女土地承包权的修改进行重点剖析,并且将这次由法律的修改而辐射到对整体妇女土地权益的积极影响加以分析。进而提出《农村土地承包法》对保护农村妇女土地权益存在的主要问题,然后通过对海南、广东、浙江经验的分析进行总结,对完善农村妇女土地权益的保障提出合理化的建议,笔者分别从农村妇女一词的显性表达、集体经济组织成员身份认定等方面提出了自己的建议,结合个人性别视角、对妇女的倾斜性保护等概念,提出新法中仍然存在的缺点和问题,进行深度的探索,深挖当前立法中的实质问题,希望能够给予目前的研究者们一点小小的启发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of the country under the rule of law in our country in recent years,the country to establish a scientific and effective legal system is more and more attention,for the people enjoy the rights also implement in law and events,the population of China as the world’s number one superpower,has 523 million farmers have labor ability,and with the development of urban and rural integration,more and more young adults choose to lay down their hoes,migrant workers,the women of rural labor force are gradually become the main force of agricultural land farming,assume the heavy responsibility of agricultural production.However,in real life,their land rights are violated for the following reasons: the lack of legal protection,village rules and regulations that favor boys over girls,the shackles of traditional ideas and even the judicial loopholes without any way to safeguard their rights.Village collectives and their own families wantonly encroach on their land rights.China’s urban and rural planning is more and more comprehensive,and the country’s expropriation and requisition of rural land is more frequent than before.As a result,the relationship between people and land is increasingly tense,which further deepens the vicious development of land contradiction and leads to the infringement of women’s land rights and interests.At present our country rural women’s land rights and interests has become law,sociology,a focus of attention of agriculture science and other disciplines to land the rural female women not only their production and living,more related to people’s livelihood of the people,according to figures from the China women’s federation,China women’s federation in 2010 to accept such a complaint reporting matter quantity of 11858 pieces,rose by 25.8%.This ratio shows that with the improvement of the consciousness of the rural women,and the diversified development of the judicial relief way,the land rights and interests of women problems slowly from the bottom to surface,if the government can not take timely and effective means to solve the problem,then the problem will gradually become the negative factors that affect social harmony and serious hidden dangers.Four years have passed since the revision of the rural land contract law.From the draft to the current text,it is revealed that women’s rights and interests in land contract are valued and protected.With the promulgation and implementation of the law,China has begun to pay attention to the legislation,from the source to solve the current violation of women’s land contracting rights.This shows that the government has made great progress in solving the problem of rural women’s land rights and interests,but the actual effect needs to be judged comprehensively from both theoretical and practical aspects.Women’s right to use house sites,collective economy income distribution,land expropriation compensation income distribution and other land rights are with people who share the same right to the contracted management of land,therefore,the rural land contracting law on the protection of women in the terms of the right to the contracted management of land is bound to bring positive influence to other rights and guiding significance.Therefore,based on the current hot rural land contract law,this paper focuses on the analysis of the amendment of women’s land contract right in combination with the law,and analyzes the positive influence of the amendment to the overall women’s land rights and interests.Then it puts forward the main problems existing in the protection of rural women’s land rights and interests in the rural land contract law,and puts forward reasonable Suggestions for improving the protection of rural women’s land rights and interests by summarizing the experience of Hainan,Guangdong and Zhejiang.Combined with the concepts of individual gender perspective and slant protection for women,this paper puts forward the shortcomings and problems still existing in the new law,and conducts in-depth exploration,hoping to contribute to the protection of rural women’s land rights and interests.更多还原