【作者】 陈晨；

【导师】 李薇；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) ， 环境工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国原油消耗的急剧增加,每年产生的含油污染物不断增加,如何能高效、环保的处理含油污染物是急需解决的问题。槐糖脂是一种生物类型表面活性剂。本文对槐糖脂的基本性质进行实验研究,并使用槐糖脂分别处理柴油污染土壤以及热洗处理含油污泥,探究槐糖脂在含油污染物中的应用价值。为高效、绿色、环保的处理含油污染物提供技术支持。首先通过铂金板法测得其临界胶束浓度为20mg/L,临界胶束浓度下表面张力为29.94mN/m。在0mg/L-100mg/L浓度范围内与其他3种药剂相比,增加水中油溶解度能力大小为:槐糖脂>Tween-20>鼠李糖脂>正己基葡糖苷。通过对pH、盐度、土壤吸附等对槐糖脂表面张力值产生影响的环境因子研究发现:槐糖脂溶液适用于中性及碱性溶液。通过改变盐度条件可以看出:槐糖脂适用于低盐度土壤的修复。对于不同土壤有机质含量对槐糖脂吸附的实验,结果表明:槐糖脂适用于低有机质土壤修复。槐糖脂处理柴油污染土壤的实验发现:pH对柴油污染土壤的修复影响较大,在碱性环境下有利于槐糖脂处理柴油污染土壤。通过正交试验发现槐糖脂处理柴油污染土壤的最佳实验条件为:槐糖脂浓度为40mg/l、溶液pH值为9,盐浓度为6%,在该实验条件下柴油洗脱率超过89.26%。通过电镜扫描实验发现:在6000倍的电子显微镜下,经过槐糖脂处理后的土壤与未处理的土壤相比,表面光滑、排列规则,能有效的去除柴油污染土壤中的污染物。GC检测发现:槐糖脂处理后的土壤有机成分大幅度下降,效果显著。以槐糖脂为热洗药剂进行热洗的实验研究。结果表明:当实验工艺参数为槐糖脂浓度为0.15%、温度80℃、搅拌速度100r/min、热洗时间1Omin、固液比为1:5、静置时间30min时,为槐糖脂处理油泥的最佳条件。含油洗脱率超过70.78%。实验影响因素的优先级为:槐糖脂浓度>搅拌速度>温度。在200mg/L-1000mg/L的浓度下处理含油污泥的效果:槐糖脂>吐温20>十二烷基硫酸钠>十二烷基苯磺酸钠。通过电镜扫描发现:使用槐糖脂热洗含油污泥能够使油泥颗粒表面变得光滑、油泥性状发生改变,油泥的黏粘性下降、并通过在搅拌的条件下使油泥的原油获得剪切力,以达到原油洗脱的效果。通过GC检测分析发现:使用槐糖脂热洗含油污泥对有机物的去除起到良好的效果,同时对油泥中的轻质碳洗脱效果比较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the sharp increase in the consumption of crude oil in China,the a nnual production of oil-containing pollutants is increasing.How to deal with oily pollutants efficiently and environmentally is an urgent problem to be sol ved.Sophorolipids is a biological type of surfactant.This paper mainly studi es the basic properties of sophorolipids.The oil-contaminated soil was treated with sophorolipids and the oily sludge was treated with sophorolipids.Explor e the application value of sophorolipids in oily pollutants.Find experimental basis for efficient,green and environmentally friendly treatment of oily wast e.In this paper,the critical micelle concentration was 20mg/L and the surface tension was 29.94mN/m under the critical micelle concentration.The ability to increase oil solubility in water is in the range of 0 mg/L to 100 mg/L compared to the other three agents:sophorolipid>Tween-20>rhamnolipid>n-hexyl glucoside.Through the investigation of environmental factors affecting the surface tension value of sophorolipids such as pH,salinity and soil adsorption,it was found that the sophorolipid solution is suitable for neutral and alkaline solutions,and the surface tension value is high under acidic conditions.Not conducive to actual repair.It can be seen by changing the salinity conditions that the sophorolipid is suitable for the repair of low salinity soil.Experiments on the adsorption of sophorolipids on different soil organic matter contents showed that the sophorolipids were suitable for the repair of low organic matter soil restoration.In the experiment of treating diesel contaminated soil with sophorolipids,it was found that pH had a great influence on the repair of petroleum-conta minated soil,and it was beneficial to treat the diesel-contaminated soil with sophorolipid in alkaline environment.The optimal experimental conditions for the treatment of diesel-contaminated soil by sophorolipids were as follows:t he concentration of sophorolipid was 40 mg/1,the pH of the solution was 9?and the salt concentration was 6%.Under this experimental condition,the el ution rate of diesel exceeded.89.26%.Scanning experiments by electron micr oscopy showed that under the electron microscope of 6000 times,the soil tre ated by sophorolipids had a smooth surface and regular arrangement to effect ively remove pollutants from diesel-contaminated soil.The GC experiment fo und that the organic components of the soil after the treatment of sophorolipi ds can be greatly reduced,and the effect is remarkable.In the experiment of treating oily sludge with sophorolipids,the experiment was conducted by using a hot-washing treatment method using sophorolipid as a hot-washing agent.The results showed that when the experimental parameters were 0.15%glucolipid,temperature 80℃,stirring speed 100 r/min,hot washing time 10 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:5,and standing time 30 min,it was treated with sophorolipid.The best conditions for sludge.The oil elution rate exceeds 70.78%.The priority of the experimental influencing factors is:sophorolipid concentration>stirring speed>temperature.The effect of treating oily sludge at a concentration of 200 mg/L to 1000 mg/L:sophorolipid>Tween 20>sodium lauryl sulfate>sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.Scanning by electron microscopy revealed that the hot washing of oily sludge with sophorolipids can make the surface of the sludge particles smooth and the properties of the sludge change,the viscosity of the sludge decreases,and the shearing force of the crude oil can be obtained by stirring.In order to achieve the effect of crude oil elution.Through GC analysis,it was found that the thermal washing of oily sludge with sophorolipids can have a good effect on the removal of organic matter in the sludge,and the effect of light carbon in the sludge is better.更多还原