【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 毕会涛；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 林学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 林木种质资源调查和相关研究是国家和地区摸清资源家底,开展林业工作的重要基础,本文以栾川县为研究对象,通过对栾川县林木种质资源全面详细的调查,探究栾川县林木种质资源现状,并对野生林木资源按其用途和价值进行归类总结,最后根据调查中发现的问题对栾川县林木种质资源保护及开发利用提出相关建议。本研究的相关结果如下:(1)栾川县共调查到栽培利用树种(品种)67科151属332种132品种,栽培资源可分为城镇绿化树种、非“城镇四旁”树种、造林树种、集中栽培树种,其中城镇绿化树种61科121属229种22品种,非城镇四旁树种64科138属288种118品种,以栾树、香椿、臭椿、柿树、山茱萸等乡土树种为主。栾川县分布较广的造林树种有日本落叶松、油松、华北落叶松等,日本落叶松分布在海拔1000米以上,油松飞播林分布在海拔1500米以下。集中栽培树种多以经济林树种为主,计27科36属43种24品种。(2)古树名木种类、数量较多,分布范围广。栾川县有古树名木31科、53属、83种,共计1124 株(不含古树群),其中黄连木 Pistacia chinensis(186 株)、胡桃Juglans regia(173株)、柿Diosprosk aki(26株)、皂荚 Gleditsia sinensis 82株)、槐Sophora japonica(44株)、栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis 81株)、槲栎 Quercus 54 株)、橿子栎Quercus baronii(29 株)、油松 Pinus tabuliformis(27株)、旱柳Salix matsudana(26株)。分布有古树群落1 8处,平均海拔在1000m以上。(3)栾川县分布有珍稀濒危植物18种,Ⅱ1级珍稀濒危保护植物4种,Ⅲ级珍稀濒危保护植物14种,国家级重点保护植物7种,省级重点保护植物28种。(4)栾川县野生木本植物67科169属529种。其中,裸子植物4科6属9种,分别占总科属种的5.97%、3.55%、1.7%。被子植物63科163属520种,分别占总科属种的94.03%、96.45%、98.3%。区系中的优势科为蔷薇科、忍冬科、豆科、虎耳草科等9科,含61属277种,占总种数的52.36%。优势属有菝葜属、小檗属、鹅耳枥属、绣线菊属等20属,含221种,占总种数的41.78%。(5)植物区系地理成分多样,以温带分布型为主,具有明显的过渡性。科的地理分布型包含10个分布区类型和8个分布区变型,属的地理分布包括13个分布区类型,8个分布区变型,科的R/T值为1.27,属的R/T值为0.44,既表明该地区植物区系与热带地区的联系,也表明该区系以温带分布类型为主的特点。同时,栾川县野生木本植物生活型以落叶树种为主,也表明了植物区系的温带性质。(6)植物区系成分古老,具有特有性。该区区系成分中分布有许多如连香树科Cercidiphyllaceae、桦木科 Betulaceae、椴树科 Tiliaceae、杨柳科 Salicaceae、鼠李科 Rhamnaceae、松属Pinus、铁杉属Tsugca、侧柏属Platycladus、红豆杉属Taxus等起源古老的科属,其中杜仲科Eucommiaceae、昆栏树科Trochodendraceae是区系中重要的单型科。古老科属在区系中的广泛分布表明了该区系的古老性特征,同时该地区区系中分布有特有科1科,特有属1 1属,特有种37种。(7)栾川县具有开发潜力的野生木本植物资源众多。野生油料木本植物72种,隶属于29科,糖料植物19种,野生果树116种,药用植物45种,野菜植物70种。另外,还有农药植物资源、芳香植物资源、鞣质植物资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 The investigation of forest germplasm resources and related research are important foundations for the country and region to find out the resources and carry out forestry work.This paper takes Luanchuan County as the research object and explores present situation through a comprehensive and detailed survey of the germplasm resources of Luanchuan County.The germplasm resources of wild forest were classified and summarized according to its purpose and value.Finally,based on the problems found in the survey,suggestions were made for the protection,development and utilization of forest germplasm resources in Luanchuan County.The relevant results of this study are as follows:(1)A total of 332 species and 132 cultivars of 151 genera,67 families of cultivated tree were investigated in Luanchuan County.The cultivation resources can be divided into urban greening tree,non-"urban four-side" tree,afforestation tree,and concentrated cultivation tree.There are 229 species and 22 cultivars in 61 families,121 genera of urban greening tree species,288 species and 118 cultivars in 64 families and 138 genera in non-urban areas and they are mainly native trees such as Koelreuteria paniculata,Toona sinensis,Ailanthus altissima,Diospyros kaki and Cornus officinalis.The afforestation tree species widely distributed in Luanchuan County include Larix kaempferi,Pinus tabuliformis,and Larix principis-rupprechtii.Larix kaempferi is distributed at an altitude of over 1000 meters,and Pinus tabuliformis is distributed at an altitude of 1500 meters below sea level.Most of the cultivated tree species are mainly economic forest trees,accounting for 27 families,36 genera and 43 species and 24 varieties.(2)There are many types and quantities of ancient and famous trees,and the distribution range is wide.There are 31 families,53 genera and 83 species of ancient trees in Luanchuan County,totaling 1124 trees(excluding ancient tree groups),including Pistacia chinensis(186),Juglans regia(173),and Diospyros kaki(126),Gleditsia sinensis(82),Sophora japonica(44),Quercus variabilis(81),Ouercus aliena(54),Quercus baronii(29),Pinus tabulaeformis(27)and Salix matryudana(26).There are 18 ancient tree communities distributed,with an average elevation of over 1000m.(3)There are 18 rare and endangered plants distributed in Luanchuan County,4 rare and endangered plants in grade Ⅱ,14 rare and endangered plants in grade Ⅲ,7 national key protected plants,and 28 provincial key protected plants.(4)There are 529 species of 169 genera and 67 families of wild woody plants in Luanchuan County.Among them,gymnosperms have 4 families,6 genera and 9 species,accounting for 5.97%,3.55%,and 1.7%of the total families,genus and species,respectively.There are 520 species of 163 genera in 63 families of angiosperms,accounting for 94.03%,96.45%and 98.3%of the total families,genus and species.The dominant families in the flora are 9 families,including Rosaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Leguminosae,and Saxifragaceae,with 277 species of 61 genera,accounting for 52.36%of the total species.There are 20 dominant genus,such as Smilax,Berberis,Carpinus,and Spiraea with 221 species,accounting for 41.78%of the total species.(5)The flora is diverse,with temperate distribution and obvious transition.The geographical distribution of the family includes 10 types of distribution areas and 8 distribution area variants.The geographical distribution of the genus includes 13 distribution area types,8 distribution area variants,and the R/T value of the family is 1.27,the R/T value of the genus is o.44.It indicates that the flora in this area is related to the tropical region,and the temperate is the main distribution type in this area.At the same time,the life style of wild woody plants in Luanchuan County is dominated by deciduous trees,which also indicates the temperate nature of the flora.(6)The flora is ancient and unique.There are many ancient families and genus in this area,such as Cercidiphyllaceae,Betulaceae,Tiliaceae,Salicaceae,Rhamnaceae,Pinus,Tsuga,Platycladus,Taxus.Eucommiaceae and Trochodendraceae are important monotypic families in the flora.The extensive distribution of ancient families in the flora indicates the ancient characteristics of the flora.At the same time,there are 1 family of endemic families,11 genera and 31 species endemic.(7)There are many wild woody plant resources with potential for development in Luanchuan County.There are 72 species of wild oily woody plants belonging to 29 families,19 sugar plants,116 wild fruit trees,45 medicinal plants and 70 wild vegetable plants.In addition,there are pesticide plant resources,aromatic plant resources,and enamel plant resources.更多还原