【作者】 李洋；

【导师】 江立庚；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前我国化肥滥用,由此引发的土地质量下降、水污染等一系列农业生态环境问题,使得进行生态环保的农业生产成为未来农业发展的趋势。面对这些情况,农业部提出“双减”的目标,“双减”就是减少化学农药使用,减少化肥使用,如何在满足农产品量,满足市场需求的前提下,还要保证质,就要从科学技术着手。因此,在这样的背景下,就有必要改进农产品的施肥方案,寻找新型环保肥料用于作物栽培。海藻精作为一种天然环保的新型肥料,可以为农作物提供各种所需营养元素与生长因子,改良土壤情况,此类肥料还具有化学肥料不可比拟的增产、抗逆、无毒副作用等优势,应用前景十分广阔。将它运用于水稻栽培,对水稻的增产及改良传统的施肥方式意义重大。本试验于2018年在广西大学农业科研基地大田内进行(早晚两季稻),设置四个不同梯度的海藻精用量及一个对照组,在水稻分蘖期以拌肥根施的方式进行田间操作;并选用两个品种的水稻桂育9号(常规稻)、桂两优2号(杂交稻)来进行栽培,通过对比品种间的植株生长、产量等指标,研究海藻精在不同类型水稻上施用效果的差异,寻求海藻精在水稻栽培上更好的应用方式。此实验通过获取的数据分析得出结果如下:(1)实验产量结果显示,两个品种的水稻在分蘗期以拌肥根施的方式使用海藻精均可以不同程度提高水稻的产量,当每亩施用200g、250g海藻精时对早晚季稻的增产效果最明显;早晚季稻桂育9号最高增产幅度达5%、8.4%,桂两优2号最高增产幅度达16.6%、11.8%,说明海藻精对桂两优2号的增产效果更佳。(2)海藻精拌肥施用提升肥力,加强了水稻对营养物质的吸收,促使茎蘖数得以增长,从而提高水稻的分蘖能力及干物质积累量的增加。(3)施用海藻精可以提高水稻的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,从而提高水稻叶片的光合作用能力,对其产量的增加有积极作用。(4)施用海藻精能提高水稻产量主要在于成熟期每穗粒数、千粒重、结实率的提高,通过实验研究,海藻精的施用提高了水稻叶面积指数、分蘖数及SPAD等指标,为成熟期稻穗的增加及穗粒饱满程度提供营养基础,促进水稻高产。(5)产量分析显示千粒重、有效穗数、每穗粒数及结实率均对产量提升有积极影响,但早晚稻不同穗粒结构指标对产量影响大小不一致;早季稻对产量影响最大的指标是每穗粒数及千粒重,晚季稻对产量影响最大的指标是每穗粒数及结实率。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of a series of agricultural eco-environmental problems,such as the decline of land quality and water pollution caused by the abuse of pesticide and fertilizer in China at present,the agricultural production of eco-environmental protection has become the trend of agricultural development in the future.In the face of these circumstances,the Ministry of Agriculture has put foirward the goal of "double reduction."the goal of "double reduction" is to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers,and how to ensure quality under the premise of satisfying the quantity of agricultural products and meeting the market demand.We must start with science and technology.Therefore,in this context,it is necessary to improve the fertilization scheme of agricultural products and find new environmentally friendly fertilizers for crop cultivation.As a natural and environmentally friendly new fertilizer,Seaweed extract can provide all kinds of nutrients and growth factors for crops,and improve soil conditions.This kind of fertilizer also has the advantages of unparalleled increase in yield,resistance to stress,no side effects and other advantages as compared with chemical fertilizers.The application prospect is very broad.Applying it to rice cultivation is of great significance to the increase of rice yield and the improvement of traditional fertilization methods.The experiment was carried out in 2018 in the field of agricultural research base of Guangxi University(early and late two cropping rice).Four different gradients of Seaweed extract,and a control group were set up and the field operation was carried out by mixing fertilizer root at tillering stage of rice.Two varieties of rice,Gui Yu 9(conventional rice)and Gui Liangyou 2(hybrid rice),were used for cultivation.The difference of application effect of Seaweed extract.on different types of rice was studied by comparing the plant growth,yield and other indexes among varieties.Seeking for better application of Seaweed extract in rice cultivation Type.The results of the data analysis obtained in this experiment are as follows:(1)The results of experiment showed that the application of Seaweed extract at tillering stage could increase the yield of rice in different degrees.When 200g/mu of Seaweed extract.was applied,250g of Seaweed extract had the most obvious effect on the yield of early and late season rice.The highest yield increased by 5%,8.4%and 16.6%,11.8%respectively in early and late season rice Guiyu 9,Guiliangyou 2 and Guiliangyou 2,indicating that Seaweed extract had better effect on the yield increase of Guiliangyou 2.(2)The application of Seaweed extract enhanced the nutrient absorption of rice,promoted the increase of tiller number,and increased the tiller ability and dry matter accumulation of rice.(3)The application of Seaweed extract could increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content of rice,thus improve the photosynthesis ability of rice leaves,and had a positive effect on the increase of its yield.(4)The application of Seaweed extract could increase the yield of rice mainly due to the increase of grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate at the mature stage.Through the experimental study,the application of Seaweed extract increased the index of leaf area index,tillering number and SPAD of rice,and so on.The results provide a nutritive basis for the increase of panicle and grain fullness of rice in mature stage,and promote the high yield of rice.(5)The yield analysis showed that the thousand-grain weight,the number of the effective ear,the number of each ear and the seed set rate had a positive effect on the yield increase,but the grain structure index of the early-late rice was not consistent with the yield.The most important index for the yield of the early-season rice was the number of grains per spike and the thousand-thousand-grain weight.The most important index for the yield of late-season rice is the number of grains per spike and the seed setting rate.更多还原