【作者】 王峰；

【导师】 常智慧； 杨树华；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 草学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 月季属于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)蔷薇属(Rosa.L)植物,本文以19份蔷薇野生种,32份古老月季品种,176份现代月季品种为材料,通过RHSCC和分光色差仪对其进行花色表型分布规律分析,并利用HPLC/UPLC-DAD-Triple-TOF-MS技术对筛选样品进行花青苷组分种类和含量分析。初步建立了月季种质资源花色基础数据库,并在花色表型的基础上探讨了花青苷与花色的关系。结果表明:1.通过RHSCC和CIELab测色体系对227份月季种质资源进行花色分类,最终将花色分为白色、粉色、黄色、玫红色、紫红色、橙红色和深红色,共计7个色系。在a*和b*二维图上,各个色系分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ象限,而第Ⅲ象限没有分布,表明在月季资源中缺少蓝色花;根据C*与L*二维散点图,可将其分为三大类群:第一、二类群的亮度L*随着C*表的增大而变暗;而深红色系和少部分玫红色系在内的第三类群,却呈现出与前两类群相反的关系,L*随着C*的增大而变亮;推测可能与月季“黑化”现象有关。2.通过HPLC对筛选的101份样品进行分析,共计检测到了 6种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3,5-双葡萄糖苷(Cy3G5G)、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G)、矢车菊素-3-芸香苷(Cy3ru)、天竺葵-3,5-双葡萄糖苷(Pg3G5G)、天竺葵-3-葡萄糖苷(Pg3G)、芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷(Pn3G)。其中含量贡献最大的是Cy3G5G和Pg3G5G;进一步分析发现,6种花青苷总含量(TA)与L*呈负相关关系;而TA与第一、二类群的a*或C*正相关,但在第三类群中呈现负相关。第一类群花青苷与测色参数不存在相关性;第二类群中Pg类花青苷与a*、b*、C*均存在显著正相关,但与L*无明显相关性,表明Pg类花青苷影响花瓣颜色的形成;在第三类群中,只有花青苷含量最高的化合物Cy3G5G与L*、a*、C*存在显著负相关关系,表明该花青苷含量的增加既减弱了花瓣亮度也降低了其彩度。3.运用UPLC-DAD-Triple-TOF-MS技术对所筛选的14份样品进一步分析,共计检测到了 12种花青苷,除了检测出运用HPLC技术也检测到的6种花青苷矢车菊素-3,5-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G5G)、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy3G)、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷(Cy3Ru)、天竺葵素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷(Pg3G5G)、天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷(Pg3G)、芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷(Pn3G)之外,还检测到了矢车菊素-3-桑布双糖苷(Cy3Sa)、矢车菊素-3-对-香豆酰基葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷(Cy3pC5G)、天竺葵素-3-芸香苷(Pg3Ru)、芍药素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷(Pn3G5G)、芍药素-3-芸香苷(Pn3Ru)、芍药素-3-(6"-对-香豆酰基葡萄糖苷)(Pn3(6"pC))和芍药素-3-对-香豆酰基葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷(Pn3cP5G),共计12种花青苷。本试验首次检测到了 3种新的花青苷,分别是Cy3Sa、Pg3Ru和Pn3(6"pC)。后期对12种花青苷的相对含量数据进行主成分分析发现,深红色系、橙红色系、紫红色系可以明显与其他色系分开,而白色、黄色、粉色、玫红色系,由于所含花青苷的种类和含量相对较低,因此在散点图中未能分组。这充分说明了不同色系花瓣的颜色越深,花青苷种类越多、含量越高。更多还原

【Abstract】 1.Petal color is one of the most important ornamental characterisitics.The different petal color phenotype were analyzed with the spectrocolorimeter and spectrophotometer on 227 rose germplasms.The results showed that the petal colors of the germplasms were classified into 7 series according to the cluster analysis of the color parameters L*、a*、b*.In the two-dimensional quadrant map of a*and b*,petal colors of germplasms were mainly distributed in the Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳquadrant but none of them in the Ⅲ quadrant suggesting the lack of blue color in roses.The distribution of the front petal colors were more concentrated while the distribution of the back petal colors of some orange red and dark red color varieties were dispersed;The L*B was brighter than L*F,but the a*F/b*F/C*F of most series was lower than the a*B/b*B/C*B;Most of the germplasms showed the negative correlations between the lightness(L*)and chroma(C*),which could be clustered into 2 groups.Group 1 contained the germplasms of white and yellow color series.Group 2 included the germplasms of the whole pink,purplish red,orange red color series and part of rose red color series.However,group 3 contained the germplasms of the whole dark red color series and part of rose red color series exhibited the positive correlations between L*and C*,indicating a“blackness”phenomenon in the petal colors.2.The anthocyanins as standards were all detected in the germplasms by HPLC method,which cyanidin-3,5-di-glucoside(Cy3G5G)and pelargonidin-3,5-di-glucoside(Pg3G5G)ranked the most of the contents among six kinds of anthocyanins.Moreover,the contents of anthocyanins in group 3 were much higher than the other two groups.The above results indicated the abundant petal color diversity in rose germplasms.The correlation analysis further indicated that the contents of total anthocyanins(TA)were negatively correlated with L*in all germplasms.TA showed the positive correlations with a*/C*in the germplasms of the first and second groups but the negative correlations in the third group.There were no correlations between the anthocyanins and CIELab parameters in the first group.Two kinds of pelargonidins(Pg)exhibited the positive correlations with a*、b*and C*but no correlations with L in the second group,referring Pg could affect the colors but not the brightness.In the third group,Cy3G5G as the unique anthocyanin presented the negative correlations with L*、a*/C*,indicating Cy3G5G might influence both the colors and the brightness.The significantly higher Cy3G5G contents in the third group might be responsible for the ’blackness’ phenomenon in the petal colors.3.Fourteen rose samples were determined using UPLC-DAD-Triple-TOF-MS.An abundance of anthocyanins constituents was identified:Cyanidin 3,5-di-glucoside(Cy3G5G)、Cyanidin 3-glucoside(Cy3G)、Cyanidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside-5-glucoside(Cy3pC5G)、Cyanidin 3-rutinoside(Cy3Ru)、Cyanidin 3-sambubioside(Cy3Sa)、Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside(Pg3G5G)、Pelargonidin 3-glucoside(Pg3G)、Pelargonidin 3-rutinoside(Pg3Ru)、Peonidin 3-(6"-p-coumarylglucoside)(Pn3(6"pC))、Peonidin 3,5-di-glucoside(Pn3G5G)、Peonidin 3-rutinoside(Pn3Ru)、Peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside-5-glucoside(Pn3pC5G),among which Cy3Sa、Pg3Ru、Pn3(6"pC)were first ditected in Rosa.L plants.The content and composition of anthocyanin compounds varied significantly among species and modern roses petals investigated.Distinct differences in the distribution of petal anthocyanins compounds were observed,especially between Rosa species and modern rose cultivars.In general,dark red series were richer in content of anthocyanins,Multivariate statistical analysis clustered the investigated species and cultivars into 4 groups,which were formed according to the content of 12 anthocyanins;white and yellow ones were distant from the dark red、purplish red and orange red ones,which were similar to the pink and rose red cultivars.更多还原