【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 玉时阶；

【作者基本信息】 广西民族大学 ， 中国少数民族史， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 近几十年来,随着改革开放、精准扶贫以及建设社会主义新农村等政策的颁布和实施,整个中国的乡村社会发生了日新月异的变化。民族地区传统的社会经济结构逐步瓦解,以自然和社会文化环境为依托的生计方式,为了适应不同的时代背景,也主动或被动的发生了变迁。生计方式是人们稳定的维持生活的计谋和办法,它与人们的生产生活方式息息相关,因此,研究生计方式的变迁路径、探讨变迁规律,有着非常深刻的现实意义。同时,我国农村正处于社会经济转型的关键时期,研究民族地区农民的生计方式变迁,对于现阶段做好国家扶贫工作和民族工作有着深远的意义。本文以广西富川瑶族自治县岔山村为田野调查点,在田野调查和文献资料收集的基础上,以历史学、民族学、人类学的学科理论为指导和研究依据,深入探讨了岔山村农民生计方式变迁。从中华人民共和国成立之初的以农为主、畜牧为辅的传统生计模式,到改革开放后的农牧业、副业、外出务工共同发展的现代化生计方式,再到如今以农牧业、旅游业为主,兼副业、外出务工为一体的多元化生计方式,岔山村民的物质文化生活水平不断提高。种种发展与变迁,离不开政府的大力扶持、村民自身的需求和努力以及民族间的经济文化交流。而变迁产生的影响也是多方面的,不仅体现在衣食住行方面、在人际交往上也扩大了村子通婚的范围,一定程度上也改变了妇女的角色和地位,同时岔山村生计方式的变迁也对当地文化资源的开发产生一定影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent decades,with the promulgation and implementation of policies such as reform and opening up,precise poverty alleviation,and building a new socialist countryside,the rural society of China has undergone rapid changes.The traditional social and economic structure of the ethnic areas has gradually disintegrated,and the means of livelihood based on the natural and social cultural environment have also changed actively or passively in order to adapt to different backgrounds of the times.Since the means of livelihood is a stable strategy and method for people to maintain their lives,it is closely related to people’s production and life style.Therefore,the path of change in graduate school methods and the discussion of the law of change have very profound practical significance.At the same time,China’s rural areas are in a critical period of social and economic transformation.Studying the changes in the livelihoods of farmers in ethnic areas has far-reaching significance for doing a good job in national poverty alleviation and national work.This paper takes the Chashan Village of Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi as a field investigation point.Based on the field investigation and literature collection,and based on the discipline theory of history,ethnology and anthropology,this paper In-depth discussion on the changes in farmers’ livelihoods in Chashan Village.From the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the traditional livelihood model based on agriculture and animal husbandry,to the modern livelihoods of agriculture,animal husbandry,sideline,and migrant workers after the reform and opening up.Nowadays,agriculture and animal husbandry,tourism The diversified livelihoods of the industry,the sideline business and the migrant workers,the material and cultural living standards of the villagers in Lushan are constantly improving.All kinds of development and changes are inseparable from the strong support of the government,the needs and efforts of the villagers themselves,and the economic and cultural exchanges between the ethnic groups.The impact of change is also multi-faceted.It is not only reflected in the aspects of food,clothing,housing and transportation,but also expands the scope of marriage between villages in terms of interpersonal communication.To a certain extent,it also changes the role and status of women.At the same time,the changes in the livelihood methods of chashan Village have also had a certain impact on the development of local cultural resources.更多还原