【作者】 陈驹坚；

【导师】 田明义； 赵丹阳；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 农业推广硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 中国南方喀斯特环江世界自然遗产地位于广西壮族自治区北部,北回归线北侧,东濒古宾河上游,西近打狗河,北与贵州省荔波县茂兰保护区的洞塘乡、翁昂乡相连,南接木论—川山喀斯特地区。遗产地东西宽约19.8km,南北长约10.8km,总面积89.69km~2,其中森林面积84.99 km~2,森林覆盖率达94.8%。本研究团队自2007年以来到遗产地及周边地区的67个洞穴考查,共采集标本约5000号。经初步鉴定统计,采集到的洞穴生物共118种,分属4门、15纲、30目、62科、80属。主要结果如下:1.遗产地洞穴物种特别丰富。遗产地目前发现洞穴生物118种,是中国洞穴生物多样性最丰富的喀斯特地区,且在中国南方喀斯特各自然遗产地中居于首位。2.节肢动物是洞穴生物中最大的类群,有95种,占全部种类的80.5%。每个类群超过10种的有蛛形纲、昆虫纲、倍足纲、甲壳纲和弹尾纲,共占节肢动物的93.68%。各自的优势类群分别是蛛形纲的蜘蛛目,昆虫纲的鞘翅目,倍足纲的带马陆目,弹尾纲的弹尾目和甲壳纲的等足目。3.遗产地洞穴生物陆生旗舰种类是步甲科和交翅马陆科,洞穴生物水生旗舰种类是鲤科,均超过5种。4.遗产地洞穴生物以真洞穴生物为主,占全部种类的73.73%。主要为硬骨鱼纲、蛭纲、倍足纲、弹尾纲、桡足纲、介形纲、双尾纲、伪蝎目、盲蛛目、蜱螨目、等足目、双翅目、鞘翅目步甲科、蚁甲科、球蕈甲科、小粒龙虱科等类群。5.遗产地各个洞穴的分布物种差异极大。种类极度丰富的洞穴为马山洞,发现了超过20种以上洞穴生物;生物种类丰富的洞穴是洞寨洞和岗来洞,发现超过15种以上洞穴生物;洞穴生物种类比较丰富的洞穴是贵洞、下兰姻缘洞、敢硝洞、神龙宫洞、水洞等,发现超过10种以上洞穴生物。其他大部分洞穴生物种类贫乏,发现种类仅在5种以下。6.遗产地物种特有性极高。在已统计的洞穴生物中伪蝎目、盲蛛目、等足目、步甲科、蚁甲科、球蕈甲科、小粒龙虱科等真洞穴生物仅发现生活在遗产地喀斯特地区,分布在一个或几个相近的洞穴中。超过67%的洞穴生物为特有种类,具有重要的保护和研究价值。本研究选取自然遗产地有代表性的洞穴进行生物多样性调查,采集了一定数量的珍贵洞穴生物标本,拍摄了大量的洞穴生态照片,掌握了自然遗产地洞穴生物资源第一手资料,为摸清我国特别是广西丰富的洞穴生物多样性资源打下基础。通过对不同洞穴生物的分布数量、分布特点、生长环境等数据整理研究,有望为洞穴生物列入重点保护物种红皮书和立法保护提供科学依据。在初步摸清洞穴生物多样性组成和结构特点的基础上,也为将来进一步探讨洞穴生物的适应、扩散和进化机制等科学研究提供样本数据和参考材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huanjiang Karst to South China Karst World Natural Heritage is located in the northern to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,north of the tropic of cancer.It is east to the upstream Gubin River,west to the Dagou River,north to the Dongtang and Weng’ang in Maolan World Natural Heritage site of Guizhou province,south to the Mulun-C huanshan area.It is 19.8 kmlong from east to west and 10.8 km wide from north to south,with the total area is 89.69 km~2,of that,84.99 km~2(94.8%)covered by primary forest.Since 2007,cave biological surveys have been carried out in Huanjiang karst by SCAU team in the Department of Entomology.Altogether 118 specimens of cave animals from 67caves were collected and recorded.The main results of the preliminary surveys are as follows.1.The cave biodiversity is particularly rich in the Huanjiang karstic area.In total,118species of cave creatures are found,indicating that Huanjiang holds the richest cave biodiversity in C hina and of course the first one within the seven sites ofS outhernChina Karsts.2.Arthropods are the largest group of cave creatures in Huanjiang karst,represented by95 species,accounting for about 80.5%of the total caveanimal species.Arachnida,Insecta,Diplopoda,Crustacea,Collenmbola are very rich,each recorded more than 10species,accounted for 93.68%of the total arthropods.Their dominant groups are Araneae,Coleoptera,Polydesmida,Collembola and Isopoda.3.Carabidae and Cambalopsidae are the flagship groups of terrestrial cave creatures,while C yprinidaeis the flagship group of aquatic cave creatures.Both of them were had more than 5 species.4.The cave creatures are dominated by troglobites,accounted for 73.73%of all species.The troglobites includes species of Osteichthyes,Hirudinea,Diplopoda,Collenmbola,Copepoda,Ostracoda,Pseudoscorpiones,Opilionida,Acarina,Decapoda,Keroplatidae and Coleoptera Carabidae,Pselaphidae,Leiodidae and Noteridae.5.The cave creatures are great difference fromcave to cave.For example,more than 20species of cave creatures were found from Mashandong cave,more than 15 species from each of Dongzhaidong cave and Ganglaidong cave,while,more than 10from each of Guidong cave,Xialandong cave,Ganxiaodong cave,Shenlongdong cave and Shuidong cave,respectively.Most of the other caves were rather poor on cave fauna,found less than5 species of cave creatures in each cave.6.The cave biodiversity in Huanjiang ishigh endemism.The troglobitic members are recorded from Pseudoscorpionida,Opilionida,Isopoda,Carabidae,Pselaphidae,Leiodidae and Noteridae,all of them are narrowly distributed,living only in one cave or several caves nearby.In Huanjiang karst,more than 67%cave creatures are endemic species.In conclusion,the cave biological surveys showed that the remarkable rich cave biodiversity is held in Huanjiang karst,and further study on the survival status of the troglobitic species and their conservation need to be conducted.更多还原