【作者】 李超；

【导师】 凌晨；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 西方经济学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 每个社会人在其一生中都要与其他人进行无数次的情感交流,所组成的任何人类聚落也都是或大或小的人情社会。中国古代的社会经济与历史文化为人情的生根发芽提供了肥沃的土壤,中华文明对于人际交往的长期重视也在各大文明中独树一帜,其中,小农经济带来的宗派亲族观念、儒家文化强调的礼尚往来思想和乡土社会导致的差异格局等等,都使中国逐渐成为愈发深重的人情社会。人情支出成为一个亟待研究解决的经济问题则主要出现在改革开放以后,进入21世纪以来则表现地更加明显。一方面,人情礼原本的祝福意义逐渐淡化而越发注重货币数量的多少,甚至成为蓄意敛财的手段和恶性攀比的工具;另一方面,种种数据表明人情支出的数量和增长并不与家庭可支配收入相称,并与酒桌文化结合催生出了铺张浪费的仪式经济,与人民对美好生活的憧憬不相符合。在这其中,贫困阶层是受影响最为严重的群体,畸形的人情支出可能会占用过量的收入与精力。从而导致这些家庭不再有充足的财力与时间通过劳作、投资和教育的方式来改变不利的现状,暂时脱贫的家庭也有可能因此而二次致贫。因此,人情支出或许也有必要纳入国家精准扶贫政策所考察的范围之内。在总结国内外经济学以及其他学科文献关于人情支出研究的基础上,本文研究了不同收入阶层在人情支出倾向上可能存在的不同。此外还分析了其他可能影响人情支出多寡的诸多因素和相关方向。之后,基于中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)的数据,利用截面门槛模型实证检验了相应理论假说。研究发现,家庭收入、城乡类别、传统习俗和教育水平等因素都对家庭的人情支出决策产生非常显著的影响。而各收入阶层在家庭人情支出——家庭纯收入弹性方面从高到低的排序分别为贫困阶层、富裕阶层和中产阶层,穷困家庭反而面临着更重的人情支出压力。此外,本文通过实证将贫困人口的比率定义为百分之六左右,这与习近平总书记提出精准扶贫以来,国家统计局对于中国贫困人口的估计非常相近。本文的研究结果表明,贫困阶层的人情支出现状不论是在占比上还是在弹性上都不与其家庭收入状况相称,与其他阶层相比也有着更重的人情负担。合理的人情支出是人们表达祝福、群策群力和风险共担的重要方式,但当下的人情之风明显表现出过度和不适当的特点,对于人情支出的规制绝非威权政治。正好相反,是人民追求美好幸福的呼唤,也是我国全面建成小康社会的需要,更是“攻坚拔寨”精准扶贫的应有之义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Every social person must have numerous emotional communications with others during his life.Any settlement formed by human is also a large or small human society.The ancient socio-economy and historical culture in China provided a fertile ground for the rooting of human relations.The long-term focus of Chinese civilization on interpersonal communications is unique in all civilizations.The sectarian and kin concept brought by the small-scale peasant economy,the reciprocity of etiquette emphasized by the Confucian culture and the differences caused by the local society all make China gradually become an society increasingly emphasizing human relationships.The fact that gift spending has become an urgent economic problems which need to study and solve mainly appeared after the reform and opening up,especially becoming conspicuous after entering the 21 st century.On the one hand,the original significance of blessing gradually diminish and more attention is paid to the amount of money,even gift spending’s becoming a means of deliberate money-making and a tool of vicious comparisons.On the other hand,all kinds of data show that the amount and growth of gift spending are not incompatible with household disposable income,and,combined with the wine culture,gift spending has created a kind of ceremonial economy characterized by extravagance,which does not match the visions of people for a better life.Among all people,the poor are the most alienated groups,and the deformity of gift expenditure occupies excess income and energy which also imposes heavy shackles on the poor.If the financial burden on poor families is indeed excessive,there may no longer be sufficient financial resources and time to change the unfavorable situation through labor,investment and education.As a result,families temporarily out of poverty may also become poor again.In that case,the regulation for gift spending should also be included in the scope of policies of targeted poverty alleviation.On the basis of summarizing domestic and foreign literature on economics and other subjects about the study of gift spending,this paper studied the possible differences in the propensity to pay for gift money in distinct groups of income,in addition,also analyzed other possible factors that affect the amount of gift spending and directions of this relation.Afterwards,based on the data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS),applying the threshold model,the correctness of the theoretical assumptions was tested empirically.This study found that household income,urban and rural categories,traditional practices and education levels and other factors have a very significant impact on household decision-making on human feelings.In terms of household net income elasticity of household gift expenditure,the ranks from high to low are poor,wealthy and middle class respectively.However,poor families are facing upward pressure on more gift spending.In addition,the empirical definition of the ratio of poverty in this paper,which is about 6 percent,is very similar to the estimation of the poor in China since the government puts forward targeted implementation to alleviate poverty.The result of this paper shows that the status quo of gift spending for poor people is not commensurate with their household income,both in terms of proportion and elasticity,and also has a heavier burden for this than other classes.Reasonable purchasing for gifts is actually an important way for people to express their blessings,pool their resources and share risks.However,the current situation of gift expenditure clearly shows characteristics of excess and impropriety.The regulation of gift spending is by no means the authoritarian politics.On the contrary,it is the call of the people for the pursuit of happiness,the need of completing the process of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects and inherent part to truly help people in poverty.更多还原